Religious thinkers of India

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India has been home to a large number of religious thinkers and spiritualists. A major reason for this has been the tolerant and liberalist traditions inbuilt in ancient Indian society. Another reason is the huge diversity of people found here. A majority of the religious thinkers have advocated themselves as reformers and not as prophets or founders of new religions.

The most important religious figures include Buddha, Mahavira and Guru Nanak Dev. Buddha and Guru Nanak were the founders of the Buddhist and Sikh religions, Mahavira, the last and 24th Jain Tirthankara was the reviver and reformer of the Jain religion propagated by previous 23 Tirthankaras.

Contents 1 Buddhism 2 Hinduism 3 Islam 4 Other important thinkers 5 See also 6 Notes

[edit] Buddhism

• Mahakasyapa - patriarch of the Buddhist sangha
• Nagarjuna - Mahayana philosopher, known for sunyata
• Asoka - royal patron
• Bodhidharma - 28th patriarch, founder of Zen, introducing Buddhism to China and East Asia

[edit] Hinduism

• Adi Shankaracharya
• Ramanujacharya
• Madhvacharya
• Vedanta Desika
• Manavala Mamuni
• Ayya Vaikundar–Initiator of Ayyavazhi; Social reformer.
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
• Ram Mohan Roy–Initiator of the Brahmo Samaj movement, which aimed at developing a universal religion in the nineteenth century.
• Swami Dayananda–Founder of the Arya Samaj, a version of Hinduism which is opposes the ideologies of polytheism, idolatry, iconolatry, animal sacrifice, ancestor worship, pilgrimage, priestcraft, the belief in avatars or incarnations of God, the hereditary caste system, untouchability and child marriage on the grounds that all these lack Vedic sanction.
• Swami Vivekananda–A disciple of Ramakrishna, he started the Ramakrishna Mission, a monastic movement with great stress on humanitarian work.
• Sri Aurobindo–Yoga guru, who proposed yogic tantras to attain divine bliss.
• Sri Narayana Guru–Social reformer who worked for the upliftment of people from the lower caste in Kerala.

Other important figures include Basava, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.

[edit] Islam

• Moinuddin Chishti - He started the Chishti Order in India.
• Fariduddin Ganjshakar - Another Sufi saint in the Chishti order whose teachings have also been included in Sikhism.
• Amir Khusro - A Sufi poet, and disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, he is credited with being the founder of both Hindustani classical music and Qawwali(the devotional music of the Sufis).
• Ahmad Sirhindi - He was a prominent propagator of the Naqshbandi Sufi order in India.
• Sufi Salik Pore Quadiria- A Sufi saint in the Quadiria Order, in Asia . A propagator of continuous prayers and total surrender to the Creator.

Other important figures include Kabir, Ali Hujwiri, Akbar, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, and Syed Ahmed Khan.

[edit] Other important thinkers

The Sikh Gurus undoubtedly were very important in propounding the tenets of Sikhism. Thomas, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, is believed to have preached and finally died in India.^[1] Saint Francis Xavier also developed a Jesuit missionary method that left a significant impression upon the missionary history of India.

[edit] See also

• Religion in India

[edit] Notes