Ralph Griffiths
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Ralph Griffiths (born c. 1720 in Shropshire, England, died 1803 in London) was a journal editor and publisher of Welsh extraction. In 1749, Griffiths founded London’s first successful literary magazine, the Monthly Review (1749–1845),[1] and remained its editor until his death in 1803.
Little is known of his early life; he began his career as a watchmaker at Stone in Staffordshire, before moving to London in 1747 to work for the Fleet Street bookseller Jacob Robinson.[2] Two years later he launched the Monthly Review, which became an instant success, and earned its publisher an estimated £2,000 a year. Proud of his achievement, outside Robinson's shop Griffiths erected the Sign of the Dunciad,[3] warning dunces that The Monthly would have no mercy in exposing dull authors.[4]
Throughout his life Griffiths was an avid collector of books, pamphlets, and essays. He was an early campaigner for improving the literary status of female poets and novelists, and in a 1798 review of Elizabeth Moody's Poetic Trifles[5] wrote,
the Age of ingenious and learned Ladies; who have excelled so much in the more elegant branches of literature, that we need not to hesitate in concluding that the long agitated dispute between the two sexes is at length determined; and that it is no longer a question, whether woman is or is not inferior to man in natural ability, or less capable of excelling in mental accomplishments.- New Series xxvii. 441[6]
In 1748, Griffiths published his most famous pamphlet, "The Expediency and Necessity of Revising and Improving the Public Liturgy. Humbly Represented". In 1750, he published John Cleland's scandalous "Fanny Hill, or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure", which he had bought for £20, but which earned him a reputed £10,000.[7]
More grounded than her husband, Griffiths' wife largely looked after his financial affairs, and was a regular contibutor to the The Monthly. Mrs Griffiths has variously been described as "his literary wife", and "an antiquated female critic".[8] However, Griffiths ran into financial difficulties, and c. 1761 he was forced to sell a one-quarter share of The Monthly due to competition from the rival periodical The Critical Review. By 1780, he had again recovered sole ownership of the publication, though he had by then largely "retired from his public situation as a bookseller".[9]
Griffiths' editorship of the The Monthly brought him fame abroad, and on May 1, 1764, Benjamin Franklin wrote,
I will do everything in my power to recommend the work Mr. Griffiths mentions, having the same sentiments of it that you express. But I conceive many more of them come to America than he imagines. Our booksellers, perhaps, write for but few, but the reason is that a multitude of our people trade more or less to London; and all that are bookishly disposed receive the reviews singly from their correspondents as they conic out.[10]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Poet, painter… and poisoner?". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved on 20 December 2007.
- ^ Kent, 10-11.
- ^ Southey, Robert. "Southey's Common-place Book", 1855. 709.
- ^ Kent, 11.
- ^ Lonsdale, xxxviii.
- ^ Lonsdale, xxi.
- ^ Kent, 12
- ^ Sir Richard Phillips wrote of "the portly Dr. Griffiths with his literary wife in her neat and elevated wire-winged cap."
- ^ The European Magazine, January, 1804. vol. 45 , p. 4.
- ^ Kent, 13.
[edit] Sources
- Kent, Elizabeth E. Goldsmith and His Booksellers. Clifton, NJ: A. M. Kelley, 1973.
- Lonsdale, Roger (ed). Eighteenth-Century Women Poets: An Oxford Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
[edit] Further reading
- Curwen, History of Booksellers, Old and New.
- Goldsmith, Works, vol. 2.
