Post-punk
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| Post-punk | |
| Stylistic origins | |
|---|---|
| Cultural origins | |
| Typical instruments | |
| Mainstream popularity | Large in the early 1980s |
| Derivative forms | Alternative rock - Deathrock - Gothic Rock - Indie rock - Post-punk revival |
| Subgenres | |
| Gothic rock - No Wave | |
| Regional scenes | |
| Dutch Ultra - German Neue Deutsche Welle - French Coldwave - | |
| Other topics | |
| Punk rock - Post-hardcore - Industrial music - Alternative rock -New Wave - Gothic rock | |
Post-punk was a popular musical movement beginning at the end of the 1970s, following on the heels of the initial punk rock explosion of the mid 1970s. The genre retains its roots in the punk movement but is more introverted, complex and experimental[1]. Post-punk laid the groundwork for alternative rock by broadening the range of punk and underground music, incorporating elements of Krautrock (particularly the use of synthesizers and extensive repetition), Jamaican dub music (specifically in bass guitar), American funk, studio experimentation, and even punk's traditional polar opposite, disco, into the genre.
It found a firm place in the 1980s indie scene, and led to the development of genres such as gothic rock, industrial music and alternative rock. Post-punk's biggest influence remains in the vast variety of sounds and styles it pioneered, many of which proved very influential in the later alternative rock scene.
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[edit] History
During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1974–1978, acts such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones, Patti Smith and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock music by stripping the musical structure down to a few basic chords and progressions with an emphasis on speed. Yet as punk itself soon came to have a signature sound, a few acts began to experiment with more challenging musical structures, lyrical themes, and a self-consciously art-based image, while retaining punk's initial iconoclastic stance.
Classic examples of post-punk outfits include The Psychedelic Furs, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, The Birthday Party, The Fall, Gang of Four, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Orange Juice, Joy Division, New Order, Killing Joke, Echo & the Bunnymen, The Cure, Depeche Mode, Wire and Tubeway Army. Bands such as Crass and Throbbing Gristle also came within the scope of post-punk, as with several outfits formed in the wake of traditionally punk rock groups: Magazine from Buzzcocks, for instance, or Public Image Ltd. from the Sex Pistols. A list of predecessors to the post-punk genre of music might include Television, whose album Marquee Moon, although released in 1977 at the height of the punk movement, is considered definitively post-punk in style. (However, many[specify] would argue that bands such as Television, Talking Heads, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and the Voidoids were all core punk, as it was the raw originality and diversity of sound and style that was punk.) Other groups, such as The Clash, remained predominantly punk in nature, yet inspired and were inspired by the experimentalism of the post-punk movement, most notably in their album Sandinista!.
Championed by late night BBC disc jockey John Peel and record label/shop Rough Trade (amongst others, including Postcard Records, Factory Records, Axis/4AD, Falling A Records, Industrial Records, Fast Product, and Mute Records), "post-punk" could arguably be said to encompass many diverse groups and musicians. The original post-punk movement took place largely in the United Kingdom, with significant scenes throughout the world, though North American and other non-British bands weren't often recognized worldwide. Some notable exceptions include North Americans Pere Ubu, Suicide, early Hüsker Dü, Boston's Mission of Burma, Australia's The Birthday Party, The Church and Ireland's U2 and The Virgin Prunes.
Around 1977, in North America, the New York led No Wave movement was also tied in with the emerging eurocentric post-punk movement. With bands and artists such as Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Glenn Branca, Mars, James Chance and the Contortions, DNA, Bush Tetras, Theoretical Girls, Swans, and Sonic Youth on their first self-titled album recorded by Don Hunerberg. The No Wave movement focused more on performance art than actual coherent musical structure. The Brian Eno produced No New York compilation is considered the quintessential testament to the history of No Wave.
The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement moved away from its aesthetics, just as post-punk bands had originally left punk rock behind in favor of new sounds. Many post-punk bands, most notably The Cure and Siouxsie & the Banshees, evolved into gothic rock (formerly a style of the larger post-punk movement) and became identified with the goth subculture. Some shifted to a more commercial New Wave sound, while others were fixtures on American college radio and became early examples of alternative rock.
The turn of the 21st century saw a post-punk revival in British and American indie rock, which soon started appearing in many different countries as well. The earliest signs of a post-punk revival took place with the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-90's. However, the first commercially successful bands The Rapture, Liars, Interpol, The Libertines[2], Franz Ferdinand and Editors surfaced in the late 90's to early 00's. These bands made music with recognizable post-punk influences, even accompanied with arty, almost modish fashions copied from original post-punk bands. Modern post-punk is far more commercially successful than in the 1970s and 1980s. The post-punk revival is unique in modern rock trends, in that it has retained a strong following even after similar 80's revival genres such as electroclash have fallen out of style.
[edit] Origin of the term
The term "post-punk" was used as early as 1980. Critic Greil Marcus referred to "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a July 24, 1980 Rolling Stone article. He applied the phrase to such bands as Gang of Four, The Raincoats and Essential Logic, which he wrote were "sparked by a tension, humour, and sense of paradox plainly unique in present-day pop music."[3]
[edit] Music clips
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This section includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. |
A few illustrative short clips of post-punk music:
Note: files size vary from 185 kB to 305 kB, and all are 20 seconds long.
"Adventures close to home" by The Raincoats (UK, 1979)
[edit] Related styles
- Alternative rock/Indie rock
- Gothic rock/Death Rock
- Industrial music
- New Wave music
- No Wave
- Punk Rock
- Cassette Culture
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Post-Punk". All Music Guide. Retrieved November 2, 2006.
- ^ Post-punk revival - FoxyTunes
- ^ Greil Marcus, Ranters and Crowd Pleasers, p. 109.
[edit] External links
- "Post-Punk", Allmusic
- Hour-long public radio interview with Simon Reynolds, author of Rip It Up and Start Again: Post-Punk 1978-1984 on The Sound of Young America
- Simon Reynolds' Rip It Up and Start Again: Post-Punk 1978-1984, Fast 'n' Bulbous review
- "www.post-punk.com", post-punk.com, an online database and community related to the history of the genre.
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