Pontoon (game)

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Pontoon is an unlicensed variant of the American game Spanish 21 that is played in Australian and Malaysian casinos^[1]. In Treasury Casino, Brisbane, it is known as Treasury 21^[2], in Jupiters Casino, Gold Coast, it is known as Jupiters 21^[3], in The Reef Casino, Cairns, it is known as Paradise Pontoon^[4], and in Tasmania, it is known as Federal Pontoon^[5]^[6].

It should not be confused with the blackjack variant called Pontoon[1], found in the UK and former British colonies such as Nepal, and played with regular 52-card decks. Pontoon has proven to be far more popular in Australia than Spanish 21 has been in the United States.^{[citation needed]}

1 Rules
- 1.1 OBBO and BB+1
2 Basic strategy for Pontoon
3 House Edge
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Rules

Pontoon is played on a table with the same layout as blackjack. Like Spanish 21, it is played from either a shoe or a 4-deck continuous shuffling machine (CSM). The shoe games use six or eight Spanish decks, which are regular 52-card decks, minus the ten-spot cards. Pontoon has similar rules to Spanish 21, with some notable differences, listed below.

1. Just like in Australian, Asian, and European blackjack, the dealer has no hole card (NHC). This means that the players do not know whether or not the dealer has a natural (a k a Blackjack, an Ace and a face card) until the end of the round, when the dealer draws his second card. Therefore, it is possible to draw to "21" and win against a dealer natural, which is profoundly player advantageous and not possible in either Spanish 21 or Blackjack.

2. Because the dealer has no hole card, it is possible to double and/or split and lose multiple bets to a dealer natural. All casinos, except for Sky City Adelaide^[7], offer either BB+1 or OBBO to compensate.

3. An Ace in a pre-double hand is always counted as 1, rather than 1 or 11. For example, if you double on soft 18 (an Ace plus one or more cards totaling 7), you are essentially doubling on 8. This rule makes doubling on soft hands highly inadvisable.

4. You are not allowed to draw on split Aces (NDSA), which means that if you split Aces, you are given one card only on each Ace.

5. Compared with Spanish 21, which allows splitting to four hands (SPL3), there are limitations on how many hands you are allowed to split to. Casinos in Queensland and New South Wales^[8] do not permit resplitting (SPL1). In most venues, you cannot resplit Aces (SPA1), apart from Burswood Casino, Perth, and Casino de Genting, Malaysia,^[9] where you can resplit once (SPL2).

6. You can only surrender against a dealer Ace or face (a.k.a Picture) card. If the dealer ends up with a natural, you will still lose your entire bet; moreover, you missed out on the opportunity to draw to "21" and win unconditionally. This is why surrendering is a less valuable play in Pontoon than in Spanish 21.

7. In Sky City Adelaide, and Casino de Genting, Malaysia, you can only double on two-card hands. Elsewhere, you can double on any number of cards, which is called "not last chance" (NLC) doubling.

8. The dealer always hits on soft 17, abbreviated as H17.

9. Pontoon has the same super bonus payouts are Spanish 21, with the exception of Casino de Genting, Malaysia, which has a super bonus payout of RM1,000 on bets of RM10 to RM99, and RM5,000 on bets of RM100 or above.

Despite the player disadvantage of rules 2-9, on average, the house edges for Pontoon are lower than for Spanish 21, because rule 1 is so profoundly player advantageous. The rule differences mean that there are several significant strategy differences between Spanish 21 and Pontoon.

[edit] OBBO and BB+1

BB+1 (Busted Bets plus one): After removing from the table all busted bets, all winnings and original bets from hands totaling "21", and all original bets from forfeited hands, the player loses just one bet, even if he has multiple split hands in the one box.

OBBO (Original Bets and Busted Only): After removing from the table all busted bets, all winnings and original bets from hands totaling "21", and all original bets from forfeited hands, the player loses just one bet from each split hand remaining. If he has not split, he loses just one bet.

In summary, BB+1 is a loss of one bet per box, and OBBO is a loss of one bet per hand, given that busted bets, winnings, and original bets from forfeits and winning hands have been removed from the table. BB+1 is the more common of the two rules; the only casinos that have OBBO are Burswood Casino in Perth, and Casino de Genting, Malaysia.

[edit] Basic strategy for Pontoon

Because Pontoon has an element of player choice, players can reduce the casino advantage to less than 0.5% (with the exception of Adelaide, with house edge 0.62%), by playing optimally. The complete set of optimal plays is known as basic strategy, and is highly dependent on the rules. The computer-generated Pontoon basic strategy and house edge tables below are reproduced from The Pro's Guide to Spanish 21 and Australian Pontoon, with permission of the author, Katarina Walker. Pontoon strategy is far more difficult than Blackjack, however, casinos do not generally object to people using strategy charts at the table. Pontoon strategy is very similar to Spanish 21 strategy, however, there are some crucial differences, mainly due to the no-hole-card rule, and the limitations on soft doubling.

Your hand	Dealer's face-up card
Your hand	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	X	A
Hard totals
18–20	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
17	S	S	S	S	S	S	S6	S6	S6	H
16	S6	S6	S6	S	S	H	H	H	H	H
15	S4.	S5:	S6	S6	S	H	H	H	H	H
14	H	H	S4.	S5:	S6;	H	H	H	H	H
13	H	H	H	H	S4.	H	H	H	H	H
12	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
11	D4	D5	D5	D5	D5	D4	D4	D4	D4	D4
10	D5	D5	D	D	D	D4	D3	H	H	H
9	H	H	H	H	D	H	H	H	H	H
5–8	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
Soft totals
	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	A
A,9	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
A,8	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S5	S5
A,7	S4	S4	S4	S4	S4	S6	S4	H	H	H
A,2 – A,6	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
Pairs
	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	A
A,A	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	H
10,10	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S
9,9	S	P	P	P	P	S	P	P	S	S
8,8	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	H
7,7	P	P	P	P	P	P:	H	H	H	H
6,6	H	H	P	P	P	H	H	H	H	H
5,5	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	H	H	H
4,4	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
3,3	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	H	H	H
2,2	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	H	H	H
Forfeit strategy
	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	A
12–16	S	S	S	S	S	S	F	F	F	F
17	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	F
18–20	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S

The above is a basic strategy table for all Pontoon rule variations, with a few exceptions: if no OBBO/BB+1, hit 11 vs X and A; if no OBBO/BB+1 and no Ace resplits, hit A-A vs X; if last chance doubling, split 4-4 vs 6.

Key:

H = Hit

P = Split

F = Forfeit after doubling

S = Stand (or play on after doubling)

S4 = Stand, but hit if 4 or more cards

S5 = Stand, but hit if 5 or more cards

S6 = Stand, but hit if 6 or more cards

. = Hit if 6-7-8 possible

: = Hit if suited 6-7-8 or 7-7-7 possible

; = Hit if spaded 6-7-8 possible

D = Double

D3 = Double, but hit if 3 or more cards

D4 = Double, but hit if 4 or more cards

D5 = Double, but hit if 5 or more cards

[edit] House Edge

The following table lists the Pontoon house edges for all known rule sets. The house edge is equivalent to the house advantage over a player who is following the basic strategy tabulated above. (The figures were obtained from 10-billion hand simulations and have a standard error of 0.001%. The super bonus is averaged out to a 100:1 payout.) ^[10]. (SPL3 = can split three times to form four hands, SPL2 = can split twice to form three hands, SPL1 = can split once only, SPA1 = no Ace resplits, NLC = not last chance doubling, D9 = doubling on 9–11 only)

Pontoon Rules	Decks	House Edge
OBBO, SPL2, NLC	8	0.34%
BB+1, SPL3, SPA1, NLC	4	0.31%
BB+1, SPL1, NLC	6	0.41%
BB+1, SPL1, NLC	8	0.38%
BB+1, SPL2, SPA1, NLC	8	0.40%
SPL2, SPA1, D9	8	0.62%
OBBO, SPL2, SPA1	8	0.50%

As all Australian casino Blackjack games have house edges greater than 0.5%, Pontoon is the superior of the two games. In general, casino staff and Blackjack players erroneously believe that Pontoon has a higher house edge than Blackjack, because the removal of the ten-spot cards creates a 2% disadvantage for the player. In Pontoon, the player can draw to "21" and win against a dealer Blackjack; this combined with "not-last-chance" doubling, forfeit, player "21" always wins, player Blackjacks always get paid at 3:2, and bonuses on certain hands, actually overcompensates for the 2% disadvantage. The result is that Pontoon, on average, has about two-thirds the house edge of Australian Blackjack, which due to no surrender, hole card, and limitations on soft doubling, has some of the highest house edges for regular Blackjack in the world.