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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are those which contain more than one double bond.
[edit] Methylene-Interrupted Polyenes
These fatty acids have 2 or more cis double bonds which are separated from each other by a single methylene group. (This form is also sometimes called a divinylmethane pattern.) [1]
Methylene- interrupted double bonds
| -C-C=C-C-C=C- |
The essential fatty acids comprise the omega-3 and -6 methylene-interrupted fatty acids. See more at Essential fatty acids—Nomenclature
[edit] Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids
| Common name |
Lipid name |
Chemical name |
|
16:3 (n-3) |
all-cis 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid |
| Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) |
18:3 (n-3) |
all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid |
| Stearidonic acid (STD) |
18:4 (n-3) |
all-cis-6,9,12,15,-octadecatetraenoic acid |
| Eicosatrienoic acid (ETE) |
20:3 (n-3) |
all-cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid |
| Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) |
20:4 (n-3) |
all-cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) |
20:5 (n-3) |
all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, Clupanodonic acid) |
22:5 (n-3) |
all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
22:6 (n-3) |
all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid |
| Tetracosapentaenoic acid |
24:5 (n-3) |
all-cis-9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic acid |
| Tetracosahexaenoic acid (Nisinic acid) |
24:6 (n-3) |
all-cis-6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid |
[edit] Omega-6
Omega-6 fatty acids
| Common name |
Lipid name |
Chemical name |
| Linoleic acid |
18:2 (n-6) |
all-cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid |
| Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) |
18:3 (n-6) |
all-cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid |
| Eicosadienoic acid |
20:2 (n-6) |
all-cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid |
| Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) |
20:3 (n-6) |
all-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid |
| Arachidonic acid (AA) |
20:4 (n-6) |
all-cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid |
| Docosadienoic acid |
22:2 (n-6) |
all-cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid |
| Adrenic acid |
22:4 (n-6) |
all-cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (Osbond acid) |
22:5 (n-6) |
all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid |
[edit] Omega-9
Omega-9 fatty acids, mono- and polysaturated
| Common name |
Lipid name |
Chemical name |
| Oleic acid† |
18:1 (n-9) |
cis-9-octadecenoic acid |
| Eicosenoic acid† |
20:1 (n-9) |
cis-11-eicosenoic acid |
| Mead acid |
20:3 (n-9) |
all-cis-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid |
| Erucic acid† |
22:1 (n-9) |
cis-13-docosenoic acid |
| Nervonic acid† |
24:1 (n-9) |
cis-15-tetracosenoic acid |
| †Monounsaturated |
[edit] Conjugated fatty acids
Conjugated double bonds
| -C=C-C=C- |
Conjugated fatty acids have two or more conjugated double bonds
| Common name |
Lipid name |
Chemical name |
| Conjugated Linoleic Acids (two conjugated double bonds) |
| Rumenic acid |
18:2 (n-7) |
9Z,11E-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid |
| |
18:2 (n-6) |
10E,12Z-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid |
| Conjugated Linolenic Acids (three conjugated double bonds) |
| α-Calendic acid |
18:3 (n-6) |
8E,10E,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid |
| β-Calendic acid |
18:3 (n-6) |
8E,10E,12E-octadecatrienoic acid |
| Jacaric acid |
18:3 (n-6) |
8E,10Z,12E-octadecatrienoic acid |
| α-Eleostearic acid |
18:3 (n-5) |
9E,11E,13Z-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid |
| β-Eleostearic acid |
18:3 (n-5) |
9E,11E,13E-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid |
| Catalpic acid |
18:3 (n-5) |
9Z,11Z,13E-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid |
| Punicic acid |
18:3 (n-5) |
9E,11Z,13E-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid |
| Other |
| Rumelenic acid |
18:3 (n-3) |
9E,11Z,15E-octadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid |
| α-Parinaric acid |
18:4 (n-3) |
9E,11Z,13Z,15E-octadeca-9,11,13,15-trienoic acid |
| β-Parinaric acid |
18:4 (n-3) |
all trans-octadeca-9,11,13,15-trienoic acid |
| Bosseopentaenoic acid |
20:5 (n-6) |
5Z,8Z,10E,12E,14Z-eicosanoic acid |
[edit] Other Polyunsaturates
| Common name |
Lipid name |
Chemical name |
| Pinolenic acid |
18:3 (n-6) |
(5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-5,9,12-trienoic acid |
| Podocarpic acid |
20:3 (n-6) |
(5Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid |
[edit] Function and effects
The biological effects of the ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are largely mediated by their mutual interactions, see Essential fatty acid interactions for detail.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Citations
- ^ Baggott, James (1997). The divinylmethane pattern in fatty acids. Salt Lake City, UT: Knowledge Weavers.
[edit] General References
- Heinz (1983). "Similarities and Differences in Lipid Metabolism of Chloroplasts Isolated from 18:3 and 16:3 Plants". Plant Physiol 72 (2): 273–279. PMID 16662992.
