Penning ionization
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms and/or molecules.[1][2][3] The term Penning ionization refers to the interaction between a gas-phase excited-state atom or molecule G* and a target molecule M resulting in the formation of a radical molecular cation M+., an electron e−, and a neutral gas molecule G.
[edit] Reactions
Associative Penning ionization can occur:
Surface Penning ionization refers to the interaction of the excited-state gas with a surface S, resulting in the release of an electron.
Penning ionization occurs when the target molecule has an ionization potential lower than the internal energy of the excited-state atom or molecule. The process was first reported by F. M. Penning in 1927.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Penning, F. M. Die Naturwissenschaften, 1927, 15, 818. Über Ionisation durch metastabile Atome.
- ^ Arango CA, Shapiro M, Brumer P (2006). "Cold atomic collisions: coherent control of penning and associative ionization". Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (19): 193202. PMID 17155624.
- ^ Hiraoka K, Furuya H, Kambara S, Suzuki S, Hashimoto Y, Takamizawa A (2006). "Atmospheric-pressure Penning ionization of aliphatic hydrocarbons". Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 (21): 3213–22. doi: . PMID 17016831.