ORP Gryf
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 ORP Gryf |
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| Career (Poland) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | ORP Gryf |
| Namesake: | griffin |
| Ordered: | May 11, 1934 |
| Builder: | Chantiers et Ateliers A. Normand Le Havre |
| Laid down: | November 14, 1934 |
| Launched: | November 29, 1936 |
| Commissioned: | February 27, 1938 |
| Fate: | sunk, scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 2,227 t |
| Length: | 103.00 m (337 ft 11 in) |
| Beam: | 13.06 m (42 ft 10 in) |
| Draft: | 3.60 m (11 ft 10 in) |
| Propulsion: | two Sulzer 8SD48 engines, 6,000 hp (4,500 kW) |
| Speed: | 20 knots (37 km/h/23 mph) |
| Range: | 9,500 nmi (17,600 km/10,900 mi) @ 14 knots (26 km/h/16 mph) |
| Complement: | 162 + 60 |
| Armament: | 6 × 120 mm (4.7 in) Bofors wz. 34/36 guns (2 × 2 and 2 × 1) in four turrets 4 × 40 mm (1.6 in) Bofors wz. 36 AA guns (2 × 2) 4 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Hotchkiss wz. 30 HMG's (2 × 2) 8 × naval mine racks, up to 600 mines |
Coordinates: ORP Gryf (eng. griffin) was a large Polish Navy minelayer, sunk during the 1939 German invasion of Poland. It was one of two large Polish ships that were not evacuated to Great Britain during Operation Peking prior to the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War (Wicher was the other).[1] She was sunk in Hel harbour on September 3, 1939 during the opening stage of World War II.[1]
Built from 1934 at French shipyard Chantiers et Ateliers A. Normand in Le Havre, she was launched in 1936. Built after a genuine French project to Polish specifications, she was intended as a large minelayer with an armanent close to that of a destroyer. Powered by two Sulzer 8SD48 engines of 6,000 horsepower (4,500 kW) each, she was capable of 20 knots (37 km/h/23 mph), fast for its size. It also had quite a long range of roughly 9,500 nautical miles at 14 knots (17,500 km at 26 km/h). As the Polish Navy was small and no other state expressed a need for such a vessel, she remained the only ship of that class. Prior to the outbreak of World War II she also served as a school ship and could take on board up to 60 additional students and NCOs.
On September 1, 1939, with other Polish warhips, Gryf left the naval base at Gdynia for the Operation Rurka, a failed attempt to lay a minefield at the entrances to the Gdańsk Bay.[1] After boarding naval mines from a floating depot, the flotilla headed for Hel Peninsula, assisted by ORP Wicher and several smaller vessels. En route she was attacked by a squadron of 33 German Ju-87B dive bombers and hit with several bombs. Although the damages were minor, the ship lost 22 sailors, including its captain Lt Cmdr Stefan Kwiatkowski[1] in what became known as the Battle of the Gdańsk Bay. His deputy, Capt. Wiktor Łomidze decided to throw all defused naval mines in the waters for fear of explosion and headed for Hel naval base. There it was decided to use the ship as a floating anti-air artillery battery guarding the harbour.
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In the morning of September 3, 1939, ORP Gryf and ORP Wicher were attacked by two German destroyers, Leberecht Maass (with Rear Admiral Günther Lütjens) and Wolfgang Zenker. Polish warships and a shore battery repulsed the attack,[1] with Gryf scoring one hit on Leberecht Maas (4 killed). Gryf herself was slightly damaged with one shot. Later the same day, after three attacks of German bombers, Gryf was heavily damaged, and partially sank in the harbour.[1] By September 5 the fire was extinguished and the three stern 120 mm artillery turrets were dismounted and placed ashore as a shore battery No. 34, part of the defensive system of the Hel Peninsula.[1]
In November 1939, after the end of the invasion hostilities, the Germans raised the wreck and hauled it to a beach near Jastarnia, where it was used as an artillery practice target. After World War II the wreck was used as a target by the Polish Air Force. In 1957 it was decided that the wreck be raised. By 1960 the work was completed and most of the salvaged parts were scrapped.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g Peszke, Michael Alfred (February 1999). Poland's Navy, 1918-1945. New York: Hippocrene Books, p. 37. ISBN 0781806720. OCLC 42140002.
