Oriundo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term oriundo (plural oriundi) is an Italian adjective describing an immigrant of native ancestry. It is originally Spanish for "originally from". It is most likely to be used to indicate a sportsman born in Latin America, whose ancestors emigrated from Italy, and who then immigrates "back" to Italy. Immigrants not of Italian extraction are not considered as oriundi, even if naturalized as citizens. Native Italians who happen to be born abroad are not oriundi either. The term is also used in a similar sense in Spain.
Some oriundi have played for the Italian or Spanish national football teams in international competition; among these are some who had previously represented their native country. FIFA requires international footballers to have either citizenship of a country or close ancestral ties to it. Oriundi may qualify under the latter heading; in addition, they can acquire citizenship more easily than immigrants not of native extraction, owing to jus sanguinis. When the Italian and Spanish Leagues imposed quotas or bans on "foreign" players, oriundi were partially or totally exempt from these.
Tours by European club sides of Latin America were common from the 1920s to the 1950s; tours in the reverse direction also occurred. European managers often recruited Latin Americans they had seen playing on these tours. The recruitment of dual internationals was greatly reduced by FIFA which ruled in 1964 that a player could not represent more than one country[1]. In the 1960s, with incidents like the Battle of Santiago in 1962 and several finals of the Intercontinental Cup, South American football came to be seen as more violent and defensive, and hence fewer players weere recruited[2].
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[edit] Italian oriundi
The Latin Americans who "returned" to Italy in the 1920s and 30s were known as rimpatriati ("repatriated people"). In Fascist Italy they automatically had dual citizenship and had no need to undergo naturalization[3]. Vittorio Pozzo, manager of the national team, selected several for the victorious 1934 World Cup side. He rebutted critics of this policy by saying "if they can die for Italy, they can play for Italy", [4], a reference to conscription. Doubts about national loyalty resurfaced when De Maria returned to Argentina to complete his military service there, and more so when Guaita, Scopelli and Stagnaro tried to leave for France to avoid being called up for the Abyssinian campaign in 1936[5].
Oriundi as a term in Italian football dates from the early 1950s. The category existed separately from native and foreign players at intervals until the 1970s[6]. Sivori, Maschio, and Angelillo, the three stars of the Argentina team that won the 1957 Copa América were signed by Italian clubs and given citizenship, thereby missing Argentina's disappointing showing at the 1958 World Cup[7].
In 1966, all foreigners were banned from the Italian League. Their presence was blamed for the contued underperfomance of the national side, culminating at the humiliating defeat by North Korea at that year's World Cup[8]. The ban was eased when one foreigner per Serie A team was allowed from 1980[9].
Currently, the most famous Italian oriundo is the Juventus' Argentinian footballer Mauro Camoranesi, who granted Italian citizenship via his grandfather from Marche. Mauro won the 2006 FIFA World Cup with the azzurri.
[edit] List of Italian football oriundi
| Player | Original country/countries | Senior team | Under 23[10] | Under 21[11] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matches | Goals | Matches | Goals | Matches | Goals | ||
| Ermanno Aebi |  Switzerland |
2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| José Altafini |  Brazil |
6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Michele Andreolo |  Uruguay |
26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Antonio Valentín Angelillo |  Argentina |
2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Mauro Camoranesi | Argentina |
28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Renato Cesarini | Argentina |
11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Arturo Chini Ludueña | Argentina |
0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Dino da Costa | Brazil |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alessandro de Maria | Brazil |
0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Hernán Paolo Dellafiore | Argentina |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Attilio Demaria | Argentina |
13 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Alfredo Devincenzi | Argentina |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Riccardo Faccio | Uruguay |
5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ottavio Fantoni | Brazil |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Francesco Fedullo | Uruguay |
2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Emanuele Figliola | Uruguay |
0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Eddie Firmani |  South Africa /  England |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enrico Flamini | Argentina |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Francesco Frione | Uruguay |
0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Elisio Gabardo | Brazil |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alcide Ghiggia | Uruguay |
5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enrique Guaita | Argentina |
10 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Anfilogino Guarisi | Brazil |
6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Paolo Innocenti | Brazil |
0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Julio Libonatti | Argentina |
17 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Francisco Lojacono | Argentina |
8 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rinaldo Martino | Argentina |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ernesto Mascheroni | Uruguay |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humberto Maschio | Argentina |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Luisito Monti | Argentina |
18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Giovanni Moscardini |  Scotland |
9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Miguel Montuori | Argentina /  Chile |
12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Raimondo Orsi | Argentina |
35 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pablo Daniel Osvaldo | Argentina |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Bruno Pesaola | Argentina |
1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Roberto Porta | Uruguay |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ettore Puricelli | Uruguay / Argentina |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eduardo Ricagni | Argentina |
3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humberto Rosa | Argentina |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Giuseppe Rossi |  United States |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Attila Sallustro |  Paraguay |
2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Raffaele Sansone | Uruguay |
3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Juan Alberto Schiaffino | Uruguay |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alessandro Scopelli | Argentina |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pietro Sernagiotto | Brazil |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Omar Sivori | Argentina |
9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Angelo Benedicto Sormani | Brazil |
7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Ulisse Uslenghi | Uruguay / Argentina |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[edit] Italian rugby oriundi
The number of Argentinians playing rugby in Italy has increased since Italy embraced professionalism in 1995, while Argentinian rugby remains amateur. (However, professionals are eligible to play for the Argentina national team.) Italian rugby also allows naturalized foreigners. Restrictions on changing nationality are less strict in rugby than in soccer, and three years' residency qualifies. Oriundi capped by the Italy national rugby union team include:
| Name | Original country/countries |
| Matias Aguero | Argentina |
| David Bortolussi |  France |
| Gonzalo Canale | Argentina |
| Pablo Canavosio | Argentina |
| Martin Castrogiovanni | Argentina |
| Oscar Collodo | Switzerland |
| Santiago Dellapè | Argentina |
| Diego Dominguez | Argentina |
| Mark Giacheri |  Australia |
| Ramiro Martinez-Frugoni | Argentina |
| Alessandro Moreno | Argentina |
| Carlos Nieto | Argentina |
| Luciano Orquera | Argentina |
| Sergio Parisse | Argentina |
| Aaron Persico |  New Zealand |
| Ramiro Pez | Argentina |
| Matt Pini | Australia |
| Federico Pucciariello | Argentina |
| Josh Sole[12] | New Zealand |
| Marko Stanojevic[13] | England /  Serbia |
| Laurent Travini | France |
| Nick Zisti | Australia |
[edit] Spanish oriundi
Few South Americans played football in Spain before World War II[14]. Spain under General Franco allowed for dual nationality with Latin American countries from 1954[15]. Players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano and Héctor Rial quickly transferred, and helped make Real Madrid the dominant club of the early years of the European Cup. In 1962, the Spanish League banned all foreign players, as their presence was blamed for the poor performance of the national team[16]. Oriundi were allowed if they had not been capped by their native country. As a result, clubs were anxious to prove Spanish ancestry for would-be imports, resulting in some dubious cases. Some players obtained forged birth certificates, providing spurious Spanish ancestors. This was easy in Paraguay during the corrupt dicatorship of Alfredo Stroessner[17]. Consequent scandals emerged at various times, including one exposed by FC Barcelona in 1972. In 1973, to reduce the incentive for corruption, up to two non-oriundi foreigners were allowed per team. Nevertheless, the recruiting of Latin American players continued so strong the Argentine FA in preparation for hosing the 1978 World Cup forbade its preliminary squad of 40 from moving abroad, lest they be "poached"[18]. Spain reduced the number of oriundi to one per team after another forgery scandal in 1979[19] From 1979 to 1982, no Argentines were allowed abroad, and many like Mario Kempes returned home[20].
[edit] See also
- List of nationality transfers in football
[edit] External links
- Oriundi: Games, goals, captains from Forza Azzurri fansite.
[edit] References
- Taylor, Matthew (2001-06-01). Moving With the Ball: the migration of professional footballers. Oxford: Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-307-3.
- ^ Taylor, pg 97.
- ^ Taylor, pg 97.
- ^ Taylor, pg 76.
- ^ Brian Glanville (2004-07-05). Luck or judgment? Managerial choices at Euro 2004 raise eyebrows. Sports Illustrated/CNN. Retrieved on 2006-11-05. “"If they can die for Italy then can play for Italy!" thundered Italy's commanding chief Vittorio Pozzo.”
- ^ Martin, Simon (2004-12-10). Football and Fascism: The National Game Under Mussolini. Oxford: Berg, 196. ISBN 978-1-85973-705-7.
- ^ Taylor, pg 91.
- ^ Taylor, pg 93
- ^ Taylor, pg 96.
- ^ Taylor, pg 101.
- ^ From 1982-90 the U23 team was called Sperimentale and served as the Olympic team.
- ^ The U21 team has been the Olympic team since 1990
- ^ Italy squad: Josh Sole (Viadana). RBS6Nations. Retrieved on 2006-11-05. “Although Sole's family is Italian, he was born in Hamilton, New Zealand”
- ^ Jonathan McConnell (2006-10-26). Stanojevic in line to face Wallabies. Guinness Premiership. Retrieved on 2006-11-06. “Marko Stanojevic .. made his debut against Portugal ... then went on to earn his second cap against Russia.”
"Mr Bow Jangles" (2003-10-17). THE BOW FILES: MARKO STANOJEVIC. Sport Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-06. “Place of Birth: Birmingham...Dad: Milan (Yugoslavian)...Mum: Bruna (Italian)” - ^ Taylor, pg 87.
- ^ Taylor, pg 91.
- ^ Taylor, pg 96.
- ^ Taylor, pg 98.
- ^ Taylor, pg 99
- ^ Taylor, pg 101.
- ^ Taylor, pg 101.
