Opua Branch
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The Opua Branch or Otiria-Opua Industrial Line, now the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway, is a former section of the North Auckland Line in the Northland Region of New Zealand, between Kawakawa and the Bay of Islands township of Opua. The first section was constructed as a bush tramway in 1868 and converted to a railway in the next decade. Today, the railway is disused but the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway aims to restore services in the near future.
The line's notable claim to fame is the fact that it runs down the main street of Kawakawa.
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[edit] Construction
In 1868, the first part was constructed. Coal was mined near Kawakawa, and accordingly, a tramway was built to carry the coal from Kawakawa to the river so that it could be shipped from the wharf in Taumarere. The line's gauge was 4 feet 8.5 inches (1435 mm), international standard gauge, and motive power was provided by horses that hauled wagons along wooden rails.
In 1871, some surplus rails, wagons, and two steam locomotives were acquired from a railway project near Auckland and the tramway was upgraded to railway standards. It was purchased by the government in 1876, who had recently established the national gauge as 3 feet 6 inches (1067 mm), and re-gauged the line in 1877.
In 1876, a settlement with a deepwater port was proposed, and in 1881 plans of a town named "Newport" were published. It became known as Opua and the railway from Kawakawa opened on 7 April 1884. The spur to Taumarere wharf was no longer necessary as Opua's port was far superior, and it was closed.
It was some time before the isolated Kawakawa-Opua line was connected to the rest of the national rail network. There were questions over its viability, but in 1899 parliament approved a connection with the line that was progressing north from Whangarei. A line 44 kilometres in length was required to link Kawakawa to the Whangarei section's northern railhead in Waiotu, and factors such as poor winter weather and difficulties in accessing the construction due to the relative isolation of the region at the time meant that it was not until 1911 that the rails from each end met.
In 1925, the North Auckland Line was finally completed and the Whangarei-Opua section was linked to the national network.
[edit] Stations
The following stations were on the Otiria-Opua section of the North Auckland Line, with the distance in kilometres from Otiria in brackets:
- Moerewa (3 km)
- Kawakawa (7 km)
- Taumarere (10 km)
- Te Akeake (15 km)
- Whangae Bridge (16 km)
- Opua (19 km)
[edit] Operation
In the tramway days and the first years of the line, the predominant traffic was coal from Kawakawa for export . By the late 1890s coal traffic had all but disappeared and the government initially expressed a desire to remove the line. Local indignation was such that instead of removing the line, it was connected to Whangarei and then the national network.
When the North Auckland Line was fully opened in 1925, the Opua Express passenger train operated thrice weekly from Auckland to Opua. Freight did not operate directly to Auckland; it was conveyed to and from Whangarei, with other services operating south. Some trains were mixed trains, conveying both passengers and freight.
In November 1956, railcars replaced the Opua Express. Unfortunately for Opua, the railcars operated to the other northern terminus of Okaihau on the Okaihau Branch, leaving Opua without any dedicated passenger trains. Passengers had to rely on mixed trains, which did not connect with the railcars. Nonetheless, the mixed trains lasted another two decades (longer than the railcars, which ceased operating in 1967); the last one ran between Whangarei and Opua on 18 June 1976. From this time, this part was used to carry solely freight, almost all of which was output from the Moerewa Dairy Factory and Affco Meat Works to the port of Opua. By the 1980s, regular freight services beyond Kawakawa were becoming irregular due to the decline of shipping to Opua as a result of containerisation. It was last used in 1985 and leased to the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway to operate tourist passenger services from Opua to Kawakawa, including running down the centre of Kawakawa's main street.
The short stretch between Otiria and Kawakawa was retained as a link to the national network, but has since been dismantled and is now used as a footpath connecting Kawakawa with Moerewa (a disused siding terminates at Moerewa). The tourist trains operated until 2001, when the Land Transport Safety Authority withdrew the line's operating licence. There is now an active campaign to restore the railway, including the restoration of the society's locomotive, refurbishment of passenger carriages, and upgrading the line to safe standards. Currently, operations are limited to a short distance out of Kawakawa, including the stretch down the main street. It is hoped that the railway will reopen as far as Taumarere in 2008. The terminus in Opua is on land now owned by Far North Holdings, the trading arm of Far North District Council, and negotiations are under way so that trains can return to Opua by 2009.
[edit] External links
- Bay of Islands Vintage Railway homepage
- History of Opua
- News articles on the revival of the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway
[edit] References
- Churchman, Geoffrey B., and Hurst, Tony; The Railways Of New Zealand: A Journey Through History, HarperCollins Publishers (New Zealand), 1991 reprint
