Operational Intelligence
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Operational Intelligence (OI) focuses on providing real-time monitoring of business processes and activities as they are executed within computer systems, and in assisting in optimizing these activities and processes by identifying and detecting situations that correspond to interruptions and bottlenecks.
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[edit] Purpose
The purpose of OI is to monitor business activities and identify and detect situations relating to inefficiencies, opportunities, and threats. OI helps quantify:
- the efficiency of the business activities
- how the IT infrastructure and unexpected events affect the business activities (resource bottlenecks, system failures, events external to the company, etc.)
- how the execution of the business activities contribute to revenue gains or losses.
This is achieved by observing the progress of the business activities and computing several metrics in real-time using these progress events and publishing the metrics to one or more channels (e.g., a dashboard that can display the metrics as charts and graphs, autonomic software that can receive these updates and fine-tune the processes in real-time, email, mobile, and messaging systems that can notify users, and so on). Thresholds can also be placed on these metrics to create notifications or new events.
In addition, these metrics act as the starting point for further analysis (drilling down into details, performing root cause analysis — tying anomalies to specific transactions and of the business activity).
Sophisticated OI systems also provide the ability to associate metadata with metrics, process steps, channels, etc. With this, it becomes easy to get related information, e.g., 'retrieve the contact information of the person that manages the application that executed the step in the business transaction that took 60% more time than the norm," or "view the acceptance/rejection trend for the customer who was denied approval in this transaction," "Launch the application that this process step interacted with."
[edit] Features
Different Operational Intelligence solutions may use many different technologies and be implemented in different ways. This section lists the common features of an Operational Intelligence solution:
- Real-Time Monitoring
- Real-Time Situation Detection
- Real-Time dashboards for different user roles
- Correlation of events
- Industry-specific dashboards
- Multidimensional analysis
- Root cause analysis
- Time Series and trending analysis
[edit] Technology components
Operational Intelligence solutions share many features, and therefore many also share technology components. This is a list of some of the commonly found technology components, and the features they enable:
- Complex Event Processing (CEP) (Real-Time Situation Detection, Real-Time Window Calculations)
- Metadata framework to model and link events to resources
- Dashboard customization and personalization
- Multi-channel publishing and notification
- Dimensional database
- Root cause analysis
- Multi-protocol event collection
Operational Intelligence is a relatively new market segment (compared to the more mature business intelligence and business process management segments). In addition to companies that produce dedicated and focussed products in this area, there are numerous companies in adjacent areas that provide solutions with some OI components.
[edit] Comparison with other technologies or solutions
[edit] Business Intelligence
OI is often linked to or compared with Business Intelligence (BI) or Real time business intelligence, in the sense that both help make sense out of large amounts of information. But there are some basic differences: OI is primarily activity-centric, whereas BI is primarily data-centric. (As with most technologies, each of these could be sub-optimally coerced to perform the other's task.) OI is, by definition real-time, unlike BI which is traditionally an after-the-fact and report-based approach to identifying patterns, and unlike real time BI which relies on a database as the sole source of events.
[edit] Systems management
System Management mainly refers to the availability and capability monitoring of IT infrastructure. Availability monitoring refers to monitoring the status of IT infrastructure components such as servers, routers, networks, etc. This usually entails pinging or polling the component and waiting to receive a response. Capability monitoring usually refers to synthetic transactions where user activity is mimiced by a special software program, and the responses received are checked for correctness.
[edit] Complex Event Processing
There is a strong relationship between Complex Event Processing companies and Operational Intelligence, especially since CEP is regarded by many OI companies as a core component of their OI solutions. CEP companies tend to focus solely on development of a CEP framework for other companies to use within their organisations as a pure CEP engine.
[edit] Business Activity Monitoring
Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) is software that aids in monitoring of business processes, as those processes are implemented in computer systems. BAM is an enterprise solution primarily intended to provide a real-time summary of business processes to operations managers and upper management. The main difference between BAM and OI appears to be in the implementation details — real-time situation detection is a feature that only appears in OI and is often implemented using CEP. Furthermore, BAM focuses on formally modelled processes whereas OI instead relies on correlation to infer a relationship between different events.
