User:Oldefarquer/SMART 2

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SMART Recovery (Self Management and Recovery Training) is an international non-profit organization which provides assistance to individuals seeking abstinence from addictive behaviors. The approach used is secular and science-based using non-confrontational motivational, behavioral and cognitive methods.^[1] Substance/activity dependence is viewed by the organization as a dysfunctional habit (rather than a disease), while allowing that it is possible that certain people have a predisposition towards addictive behavior.^[2]

1 Methodology
2 Meetings
3 History and Organization
4 Recognition
5 See Also
6 References
7 Further Reading
8 External Links

[edit] Methodology

The program uses principles found in Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET)^[3], and techniques taken from Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), particularly in the version called Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment.^[4]

The organization's program emphasizes four areas (called the Four Points) in the process of Recovery: Building Motivation, Coping with Urges, Problem Solving, and Lifestyle Balance.^[5] The "SMART Toolbox" is a collection of various MET, CBT and REBT methods (or "tools") which address the Four Points.^[6]

The program does not use the 12-Steps which make up the basis of the various "Anonymous" self-help groups (e.g. AA, NA, etc.) and is generally found listed on the web as an "Alternative to AA" and an "Alternative to the 12-Steps".^[7]^[8]^[9]

[edit] Meetings

Approximately 365 weekly group meetings led by volunteer facilitators are held worldwide^[10]. In addition, the organization provides online resources and support to the volunteers and those attending the groups and one or more daily online meetings^[11]. The meetings are free and open to all wishing to attend.^[12]

Meetings are also held in correctional facilities in many states including: Arizona, California, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.^[13]

[edit] History and Organization

Incorporated in 1992 as the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Self-Help Network (ADASHN), the organization began operating under the SMART Recovery name in 1994.^[14]^[15]

General operations are overseen by a volunteer Board of Directors^[16] with review from an International Advisory Council of experts^[17]. Local groups are run by volunteers known as "Facilitators” with the assistance of volunteer recovery professionals called "Volunteer Advisors". A central office is currently maintained in Mentor, Ohio.

[edit] Recognition

SMART is recognized by the American Academy of Family Physicians^[18], as well as the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)^[19] and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)^[20]. NIDA and NIAAA are agencies of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

[edit] See Also

Addiction recovery groups

Alcoholism

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Drug addiction

REBT

[edit] References

^ "Religiosity and Participation in Self-Help Groups", The Walsh Group, 2007-10-17. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.
^ Horvath, AT (2000-10). "Smart Recovery: Addiction Recovery Support from a Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective". Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 18 (3): 181-191.
^ Miller, W.R., “Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.”, Project MATCH Monograph Series, National Institute of Health
^ Hester & Miller (2002). Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives. University of Michigan: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0205360645.
^ Shaw, BR; et al (2005). Addiction & Recovery for Dummies. Wiley Publishing, 176-177. ISBN 0764576259.
^ Brooks, A.J.; Penn, P. E. (2003). "Comparing treatments for dual diagnosis: Twelve-Step and Self Management and Recovery Training". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 29 (2): 359–383.
^ Miller, W. R.; Kurtz, E. (1994). "Models of alcoholism used in treatment: Contrasting A.A. and other perspectives with which it is often confused". Journal of Studies on Alcohol 55: 159-166.
^ Volpicelli, Joseph; Maia Szalavitz (2000). Recovery Options: The Complete Guide. Wiley Publishing, 149-151. ISBN 047134575X.
^ "SMART Alternative Self-Help Groups Tackle Substance Abuse", Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ "Source SMART Central office. This includes international groups in 7 countries.". Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ Online Meeting Schedule. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ Shaw, BR; et al (2005). Addiction & Recovery for Dummies. Wiley Publishing, 176-177. ISBN 0764576259.
^ Source - SMART Central Office. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ Lemanski, Michael J. (2000). Addiction Alternatives for Recovery. The Humanist. University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ Humphreys, Keith (2003). Circles of Recovery: Self-help Organizations for Addictions. Cambridge University Press, 82-86. ISBN 0521792770.
^ Board of Directors 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ International Advisory Council 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ "Substance Abuse--How To Recognize It" (2003-4-1). American Family Physician 67 (7).
^ "Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide", National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
^ Alcohol and Drug Information. US Dept of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.

[edit] Further Reading

Beck AT et al. (1993) Cognitive Therapy Of Substance Abuse. Guilford, NY. ISBN 1572306599
Berg IK & Miller SD. (1992) Working With the Problem Drinker: A Solution-Focused Approach. WW Norton, NY. ISBN 0393701344
Bishop FM. (2001) Managing Addictions: Cognitive, Emotive, and Behavioral Techniques. Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ. ISBN 0765702673
Brown JM. (1998) Self-Regulation and the Addictive Behaviors. in Treating Addictive Behaviors, 2nd ed. Miller WR & Heather N. eds. Plenum Press, NY. ISBN 0306458527
Dorsman J. (1997) How To Quit Drinking Without AA. 2nd Ed. Prima Press, Rocklin, CA. ISBN 978-0-7615-1290-5
Ellis A. & Velten E. (1992) Rational Steps To Quitting Alcohol: When AA Doesn't Work For You. Barricade Books, NY. ISBN 0942637534
Fletcher AM. Alcohol treatment: when faith-based options aren't enough. The Humanist. p.14-5. Nov/Dec, 2001* http://www.thehumanist.org/humanist/articles/Fletcher.html
Fletcher AM. (2001) Sober For Good:New Solutions For Drinking Problems-Advice From Those Who Have Succeeded. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. ISBN 0618219072
Gerstein J. Rational Recovery, SMART Recovery and non-twelve step recovery programs. In Principles Of Addiction Medicine, 2nd ed. American Society of Addiction Medicine, Chevy Chase, 1998* ISBN 1880425084
Hester RK & Miller WR. (2002) Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches:Effective Alternatives. Allyn & Bacon, NY. ISBN 0205360645
Horvath AT. (2005) Sex, Drugs, Gambling, & Chocolate: A Workbook For Overcoming Addictions. Impact, San Luis Obispo, CA, 2nd. Edition ISBN 1886230552
Mattson ME. (1998) Finding the Right Approach. in Miller WR & Heather N. Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2nd ed. Plenum Press, NY. ISBN 0306458527
Miller WR & Rollnick S. (2002) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People For Change. 2nd ed. Guilford, NY. ISBN 1572305630
Myers PL. (2002) Beware of the Man of One Book: Processing Ideology in Addictions Education. J of Teaching in the Addictions. pp 1:69-90
Prochaska J, et al. (1994) Changing For Good. Avon Books, NY. ISBN 0688112633
Schaler J. (2000) Addiction Is A Choice. Open Court, Chicago. ISBN 081269404X
Volpicelli J & Szalavitz M. (2000) Recovery Options: The Complete Guide. John Wiley,NY. ISBN 047134575X
Vuchinich RE & Tucker JA. (1998) Choice, Behavioral Economics, and Addictive Behavior Patterns. in Treating Addictive Behaviors ISBN 0306458527
Whittinghill D., et al. The benefits of a self-efficacy approach to substance abuse counseling in the era of managed care. J Addictions & Offender Counseling. 2000; 20:64-74