Obando Fertility Rites

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Main article: Obando, Bulacan

Obando Fertility Rites is a Filipino dance ritual. Every year, during the month of May, to the tune of musical instruments made out of bamboo materials, the men, women and children of Obando, Bulacan, Philippines wear traditional dance costumes to dance on the streets followed by the images of their patron saints San Pascual Baylon (St. Paschal), Santa Clara (St. Claire) and Nuestra Señora de Salambao (Our Lady of Salambao), while singing the song Santa Clara Pinung-Pino.

Contents 1 Festivities 2 History 3 The patron saints 3.1 Saint Claire 3.1.1 Lyrics of the song or novena to St. Claire 3.2 St. Paschal 3.3 Our Lady of Salambao 4 Revival after World War II 5 References 6 External links and further readings 7 See also

[edit] Festivities

Among the fiesta participants to the fertility dance are foreigners from other towns in the Philippines, most are asking the patron saints for a son or a daughter, a husband or a wife or good fortune. They are all dancing on the streets as a form of a religious procession primarily in order for the spirit of life to enter into the wombs of women. This is the magic and mystery of Obando, Bulacan.

The feast days or dance festivals are held for three consecutive days: May 17 for St. Paschal, May 18 for St. Claire and May 19 for the Our Lady of Salambaw.

The Philippine national hero, José Rizal, mentioned this fertility dance ritual in his 1887 Spanish novel, the Noli Me Tangere (Chapter 6: Captain Tiago).

The Feast usually starts in the morning of May 17, with the mass of the current Parish Priest. afterwards, the procession of the three Saints will follow, Followed by the dancing of the devotees and the Musical band. This continues for the duration of the festival, with the imange particular Patron Saint of the day leading the procession.

[edit] History

The ancient Filipinos once held a ritual known as the Kasilonawan headed by a katalonan or high priestess. The ritual normally lasts for nine days and usually involves drinking, singing and dance, and is normally held at the home of a datu or barangay chieftain. This ritual became important to early Filipinos because they value of fertility that could also mean wealth or abundance of every individual person. A barren woman was once considered as a member of the lowest class in Philippine society and suffered stigma and mockery. Because of this reason, it became important to perform the fertility rites so that the women could become productive. The god known as Linga, a force of nature, became the center of the Kasilonawan ritual.

The community would congregate to perform these rituals usually in a clearing of some kind in the middle of a dense forest with some sort of earth-oriented and artistic phallic symbol displayed in the center of the clearing. The lights of strategically placed, ritualistic fires would shine on this structure and it was thought that the sun, giver of all life embodied in the fires, was giving its blessing of fertility to all who participated in the rituals.

Upon the arrival of the Franciscan missionaries to the Philippines, they built churches to propagate Christianity and introduced Catholic saints. In Obando, Bulacan the Spanish Franciscans introduced a trio or a triangle of saints, namely St. Claire, St. Pascual and the Our Lady of Salambao in order to replace the traditional pagan gods.

The current images at the altar of Obando Church are replicas, sculpted with the financial assistance of the people of Obando. The originals were destroyed during World War II.

[edit] The patron saints

[edit] Saint Claire

St. Claire is the oldest patron saint of Obando, Bulacan. She was the first saint to be enshrined at the chapel built by the Franciscan missionaries in Catanghalan, the old name of Obando Town.

St. Claire is a nun in Assisi, Italy during the 13th century, who founded a congregation known as the Poor Claires based on the devotional teachings of St. Francis of Assisi. St. Claire has been considered as the patron saint of good weather because her name in Spanish meant the brightening of the skies after a season of storms, which later became the basis why the residents of Obando, Bulacan believed in offering eggs at the base of the altar of St. Claire to pray for good weather. Eggs are offered to St. Claire because her name also meant claro (albumen) in Spanish.

The introduction of St. Claire by the Spanish Franciscan missionaries as a replacement for the pagan gods of the ancient Filipinos resulted to the transformation of the old Kasilonawan ritual into the offering of the fandango or dance for St. Claire to prevent women from becoming barren. This transformation from pagan rituals to Christian ceremonies enhanced the conversion of Filipinos to Catholicism.

Eventually, St. Claire became the pilgrim’s patron saint of an individual who would like to request for a mate and bear children, female babies in particular.

[edit] Lyrics of the song or novena to St. Claire

• In Tagalog: Santa Clarang pinong-pino / Ako po ay bigyan mo / Ng asawang labintatlo / Sa gastos ay walang reklamo!
• English translation: (To the very refined, Saint Claire / I pray that you grant me / Thirteen spouses all in all / To the expenses, he won’t complain!)

• Variation, in Tagalog: Santa Clarang pinong-pino / Ang pangako ko ay ganito / Pagdating ko sa Obando / Sasayaw ako ng pandanggo.
• English translation: (To the very refined, Saint Claire / This is my promise / Upon reaching Obando Town / I will dance the fandanggo.}

[edit] St. Paschal

During the 18th century, after the founding of Obando, Bulacan as a Spanish Municipality, the Franciscan missionaries built a church. At that time, St. Paschal, or San Pascual Baylon, was introduced to Obando, Bulacan. Like St. Claire, he also became the patron saint of fertility, wealth and abundance. St. Paschal’s surname, Baylon, meant a person who likes dancing, after having been derived from the Spanish word bailar.

There is an anectode about the miracles of St. Paschal. The Obando story narrates that there was a childless couple from a neighboring town known as Hagonoy, Bulacan who met a man who sells crabs. That man invited the couple to go to Obando, Bulacan to participate in the mid-May dance ritual. And when the husband and wife finally did visit the Obando Church, they were stunned when they discovered that the face of the image of St. Paschal inside the church looked exactly like the face of the crab vendor they met.

St. Paschal also became as a patron saint for having children, particularly male babies.

[edit] Our Lady of Salambao

On June 19, 1763, the Our Lady of Salambao, also known as the Our Lady of Immaculate Concepcion, was also introduced to Obando, Bulacan. Based on an Obando legend, three fishermen namely Juan, Julian and Diego dela Cruz caught the image of the Virgin Mary with their salambaw, a fishing net supported with bamboo crosspieces and mounted on a raft, while fishing at a place known as Hulingduong, Binwangan at the town of Tambobong or Malabon. When the fishermen decided to bring the image of the Virgin Mary to a neighboring town known as Navotas, their fishing boat became heavy and couldn’t be paddled towards Navotas. But they eventually decided to bring the image of the Virgin Mary toward Obando, their fishing boat quickly lightened and became easy to paddle. Thus, the image of the Our Lady of Salambao was added to the altar of the church of Obando, Bulacan.

The Our Lady of Salambao eventually became the patron saint of fishermen and good harvest.

[edit] Revival after World War II

During World War II, the church and a large portion of Obando Town was ruined by fire including the three images of the patron saints. A few years after the war, the archbishop of Manila and an Obando parish priest forbid the practice of the fertility dance because of its obviously pagan roots. During the time of this prohibition, normal religious processions were still being held but without the lively street dancing.

However, in 1972, a new parish priest in the name of Rev. Fr. Rome R. Fernandez and the Komisyon ng Kalinangan or Commission on Culture of Obando finally revived the once sleeping tradition.

[edit] References

• Reyes, R. delos, E. de Guzman and J. Lozano. Obando: Alamat ng Isang Sayaw (Obando: The Legend of a Dance), Languages: Tagalog, English and Spanish, Geocites.com, February 24, 2005, retrieved on: 09 June 2007.
• Hernandez, Jose W. Obando Fertility Rites, Fiesta, Seasite.Niu.edu, 1990, retrieved on: 09 June 2007
• Obando Fertility Rites, "Fertility Dance", May 17-19/Obando, Bulacan, LakbayPilipinas.com, 2002, retrieved on: 09 June 2007
• British Airways Event Details: Obando Fertility Rites, BritishAirWays.com, retrieved on 09 June 2007
• Philippine Daily Inquirer. Obando, Bulacan, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inq7.net, 2005
• Liong, Ricardo. Obando Church - For Those Who Hope, The Beaten Path, Tsinoy.com, retrieved on: 09 June 2007
• Philippines: Obando Church Interior, Obando, Bulacan (ca. early 1900's), EWebPro and Teleguam.net, 2007, retrieved on: 09 June 2007
• Obando's Sta. Clara Fertility Festival Begins, Travel and Leisure, Philippine Headline News Online, NewsFlash.org, 1998, retrieved on: 09 June 2007
• World Fair Philippine Festivals, The Internet 1996 World Exposition, No. 9: Obando Fertility Rites, Ph.net, 1996, retrieved on: 09 June 2007
• Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal, Chapter 6: Captain Tiago, Study Notes Online, WebManila.com, retrieved on: 08 June 2007
• Camacho Tamiko I., Pilar Somoza, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team, Project Gutenberg EBook of Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal, and Professor Michael S. Hart, Gutenberg.org, Pgdp.net, and Gutenberg.ph, retrieved on: 08 June 2007.
• Claridades, Alvin. Obando: Alamat ng Isang Sayaw (Obando: The Legend of the Fertility Dance), Language:Tagalog, Geocities.com, retrieved on: 10 June 2007

[edit] External links and further readings

• Laya, Jaime C. and Michael Van D. Yonzon. Through the Years, Brightly: The Tadtarin, and Joaquin, Nick. The Summer Solstice, PIA.gov, retrieved on: 09 June 2007

[edit] See also

• San Lorenzo Ruiz
• Mother Ignacia del Espiritu Santo
• Jeronima de la Asuncion
• Religious of the Virgin Mary
• Pontificio Collegio Filippino
• The First Filipino Nun