Help:Namespace
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a copy of the master help page at Meta. Do not edit this copy. Edits will be lost in the next update from the master page. See below for more information. |
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A Wikipedia article is defined as a page that contains encyclopedic or almanac-like information. All Wikipedia articles are in the main (or article) namespace. A number of other pages such as the main page are also in the main namespace.
In addition to the main namespace, Wikipedia has a number of other namespaces mostly used for project related information (such as this page). See the Wikipedia-specific section of this page for a full list. |
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Page titles in MediaWiki are composed of two parts: an optional namespace name, and the remainder of the title. For example, this page has the title [[Help:Namespace]], so it is in the Help namespace. A title without a colon, for example [[Goings-on]], is in the main namespace.
By default, a wiki using the MediaWiki software has 18 namespaces, including:
- the main namespace, where page names have no prefix
- 15 additional namespaces, each with its own prefix. (Two namespaces, the so-called 'project' namespaces, get their names from the name of the wiki project, and so differ in name from one wiki to the next; on the Wikipedia, they are called Wikipedia: and Wikipedia talk:. On each wiki, these project namespaces (whatever they may happen to be for that wiki), can be referred to by the pseudonyms "Project:" and "Project Talk:", respectively.)
- two pseudo-namespaces
In addition to these 18 namespaces, the Wikipedia specially adds to these the Portal: and Portal talk: namespaces. Other wiki projects may have their own additional custom namespaces.
But take note:
- Namespace prefixes should not be confused with prefixes for interwiki linking.
- If a page title contains a colon, but the initial part of the title is not one of the pre-defined namespaces, that page is considered to be in the main namespace.
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Namespace uses
Namespaces allow, among other things, a separation of content from policy and discussion. They encourage separation of the pages of a wiki into a core set intended for public viewing, and private information intended for the editing community.
This core set is the main namespace. Other namespaces that are also useful to viewers are:
- the image namespace (with the full-size images)
- the category namespace (for navigation)
- the help pages and the preferences page (as far as they concern viewing)
By default, searches and the random page feature are restricted to the main namespace, thus the user interface is directed towards readers who are not part of the community. Note that this separation of community and readership is not a feature of many wiki engines. It may not be required for your editing community. You are always free to put discussion and policy in the main namespace, if you desire.
On most Wikimedia wikis, pages in the main namespace and a few other ones are actively policed by the community, with inappropriate content being quickly removed. The rules for the other namespaces are generally more relaxed.
- Special:Allpages can be applied to a namespace of choice
From MediaWiki 1.5 Recent changes ditto.
- Searching can be restricted to any subset of namespaces
User contributions can only show all or be restricted to a namespace of choice.
It is possible to customize the visual appearance of pages by namespace (see e.g. MediaWiki:Monobook.css); also enabling the subpage feature can be done for selected namespaces.
List of namespaces
The two pseudo-namespaces, main namespace and 15 auxiliary namespaces in this project (Meta) are as follows (the variables for them are also shown).
Note that the number of pages in each namespace may not be displayed on all MediaWiki projects, because this counting feature may be disabled): on this Wiki, per-namespace page counting is currently disabled.
| Variables | Alternate syntax | Name, linked to list of all such pages | Nr. of pages (see note above) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ns:-2}} | {{ns:media}} | "Media" | pseudo-namespace for images and other files themselves, as opposed to the image description pages; see also below | |
| {{ns:-1}} | {{ns:special}} | "Special" | pseudo-namespace for special pages (list: Special:Specialpages) | |
| {{ns:0}} | main | disabled | main namespace, no prefix, or optionally a colon (this is needed when using the page as template) | |
| {{ns:1}} | {{ns:talk}} | Talk | disabled | see Help:Talk page for this and the following odd-numbered namespaces |
| {{ns:2}} | {{ns:user}} | User | disabled | registered users (list: Special:Listusers) have a user homepage User:username (linked to by the system from user names in lists of edits, e.g. on page histories, and from signatures on talk pages); this and subpages of it can be used to present oneself, for project-related bookmarks, and for drafts, tests, and other working material. One can put here material to give oneself one-step access to it from any page in the same project, and one can put here links to give oneself two-step access to the link targets from any page in the same project as the user page. For users who do not log in, the same applies, with the IP as username. Dynamic IPs are a complication. |
| {{ns:3}} | {{ns:user_talk}} | User_talk | disabled | |
| {{ns:4}} | {{ns:project}} | Wikipedia | disabled | the project namespace for matters about the project, such as guidelines and discussions; see also the [[Help:|Help:]] namespace |
| {{ns:5}} | {{ns:project_talk}} | Wikipedia_talk | disabled | |
| {{ns:6}} | {{ns:image}} | Image | disabled | images and other uploaded files, with image description pages (list: Special:Imagelist) |
| {{ns:7}} | {{ns:image_talk}} | Image_talk | disabled | |
| {{ns:8}} | {{ns:mediawiki}} | MediaWiki | disabled | system messages (list: Special:Allmessages), editable by users, or if protected, by sysops |
| {{ns:9}} | {{ns:mediawiki_talk}} | MediaWiki_talk | disabled | |
| {{ns:10}} | {{ns:template}} | Template | disabled | the default namespace for templates: the wikitext code {{name }} refers to and includes the page Template:name |
| {{ns:11}} | {{ns:template_talk}} | Template_talk | disabled | |
| {{ns:12}} | {{ns:help}} | Help | disabled | typically used for the MediaWiki User's Guide, with the wikitext a frequently refreshed copy of the master version on Meta-Wikipedia, but with project-specific templates |
| {{ns:13}} | {{ns:help_talk}} | Help_talk | disabled | |
| {{ns:14}} | {{ns:category}} | Category | disabled | each page (list: Special:Categories) represents a category of pages, with each category page displaying a list of pages in that category and optional additional text. |
| {{ns:15}} | {{ns:category_talk}} | Category_talk | disabled |
Note that all characters of namespace prefixes are case-insensitive, so one can write e.g "mediawiki". Also, underscores in namespace prefixes are equivalent to any non-zero number of spaces (leading or trailing spaces or underscores are ignored) : underscores are used only when encoding URLs but treated otherwise like spaces.
The names are set in files such as those listed in m:Locales for the Wikimedia projects, with default m:Language.php:
/* private */ $wgNamespaceNamesEn = array(
NS_MEDIA => 'Media',
NS_SPECIAL => 'Special',
NS_MAIN => '',
NS_TALK => 'Talk',
NS_USER => 'User',
NS_USER_TALK => 'User_talk',
NS_WIKIPEDIA => $wgMetaNamespace,
NS_WIKIPEDIA_TALK => $wgMetaNamespace . '_talk',
NS_IMAGE => 'Image',
NS_IMAGE_TALK => 'Image_talk',
NS_MEDIAWIKI => 'MediaWiki',
NS_MEDIAWIKI_TALK => 'MediaWiki_talk',
NS_TEMPLATE => 'Template',
NS_TEMPLATE_TALK => 'Template_talk',
NS_HELP => 'Help',
NS_HELP_TALK => 'Help_talk',
NS_CATEGORY => 'Category',
NS_CATEGORY_TALK => 'Category_talk'
);
Generic namespace names
On the column "Alternate syntax" in the table at the beginning of the previous section, a list of project-independent namespace names (also called generic namespace names) is shown in the form of {{ns:namespace name}}, the same as those on Meta and the English Wikipedia, except that "Meta" and "Wikipedia" are replaced by "Project". The prefixes are the terms listed, followed by a colon.
The prefix "Project:" is for every project automatically converted to the project namespace, e.g. try the link Project:xyz. It is like a piped link. Therefore a page name starting with "Project:" is not possible (unless, of course, that is the name of the project).
Similarly the other project-independent namespace prefixes are also automatically converted to the project-specific ones.
An exception to the rule that the link label is the name used in the wikitext and not the converted name, applies if the target of a redirect is expressed using a project-independent namespace name: in that case the converted name is shown on the redirect page, compare [1] with the preview of [2].
Prefixes in various languages
For Wikimedia projects this project prefix is "Wikipedia:", "Wiktionary:", "Wikibooks:", "Wikisource:", "Wikiquote:", "Meta:", and in the case of In Memoriam also "Wikipedia:". In languages other than English, the Wikipedia project has its own prefixes: in French "Wikipédia:", in Czech "Wikipedie:", in Russian "Википедия:", in Korean "위키백과:", in Hindi "विकिपीडिया:", in Hebrew ":ויקיפדיה" and in Arabic ":ويكيبيديا". The last two are RTL languages which put the prefixes on the right. In URLs the prefixes are always on the left.
To check which prefix is used in a project, you may edit and preview a page in the project to render the variable {{ns:Project}} (and cancel the edit after the check), though what you will see is deprived of a colon. Another way: visiting any project page there, you will find it at the left (in LTR languages) or the right (in RTL languages) of the page title. This applies even for non-existing pages, so, in view of the conversion explained in the previous section, you can use a URL like http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:A. Also you may go to a project page of a target language from a project page of a language familiar to you (e.g. en:Wikipedia:Contact us) by clicking an interlanguage link, if applicable. "Talk", "User", "Image" and combinations can also be translated in the case of non-English wikis. see m:Locales for the Wikipedia Software.
Colon in page name
Adding a colon to a page name does not automatically create a new namespace. To see the namespace of a page, use {{NAMESPACE}} which returns the namespace. For this page it returns "Help". The same code would return an empty string for a page in the main namespace. Similarly, {{PAGENAME}} returns the page name without prefix. For this page it returns "Namespace". {{FULLPAGENAME}} returns both namespace and pagename; for this page, that is "Help:Namespace".
To take some examples from Wiktionary: Wiktionary:FAQ has Talk page Wiktionary talk:FAQ, but Wiktionary Appendix:Colours has Talk page Talk:Wiktionary Appendix:Colours, because the first is in the project preface namespace and the second is not. In Special:Allpages, accordingly, the first is, unlike the second, not in the list of articles, but in the page list of the namespace Wiktionary.
Special namespace
Main article: Help:Special page
The namespace "Special:" consists of "special pages", which are created by the software on demand, for example Special:Recentchanges.
Custom namespaces
For instructions on creating a custom namespace or for more information, see Help:Custom namespaces.
A project can have additional namespaces. For example, if a single project is multilingual (as opposed to the case of sister projects, each in one language) there may be a namespace Help and also a namespace Hilfe:, for help pages in the English and German language, respectively.
A list of all namespaces is in the dropdown menus of Special:Prefixindex, Special:Allpages, Special:Recentchanges, and "My contributions". With the Query extension a list including also the numbers of the namespaces is given by {{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/query.php?what=namespaces , for this project http://en.wikipedia.org../../../../query.php?what=namespaces .
Custom namespaces are numbered from 100, on this project starting with Portal, 101 = Portal_talk. See m:Help:MediaWiki help policy for a list of custom namespaces on Meta.
Template programming
Templates can automatically detect namespaces and for instance change how they look depending on what type of page they are used on. They can do this by using magic words such as {{NAMESPACE}} and parser functions such as {{#ifeq:}}.
The English Wikipedia has some meta-templates that make it easy to detect namespaces. Then you don't have to handle magic words and parser functions in your own template code. Or you can use them as code examples to learn how to do it.
- {{main talk other}} – The easy to use one.
- {{main talk category other}} – A more complex variant.
- {{main talk other flex}} – Copy code from this one and modify it if you want to make your own variant.
If you copy these templates to another language Wikipedia or other Wikimedia project, then read the section "Copying to other projects?" in their documentation.
See also
- m:Transwiki, a cross-project pseudo-namespace
- m:MediaWiki namespace
- Help:Talk page
- Help:Template
- Template:Wikivar
- m:Help:Namespace manager
- m:Help:Custom namespaces
- Help:Namespace manager, a feature planned for next release of MediaWiki
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Wikipedia-specific help
Aliases:
- for the namespace "Wikipedia": "project" and "wp"
- for the namespace "Wikipedia talk": "wt"
Like all namespace names the aliases are fully case-insensitive. Thus for instance the link wp:help desk leads to Wikipedia:Help desk. Redirects are used for further shortening of the link. To learn more about these "shortcuts", see WP:WP.
The transwiki namespace is a cross-project pseudo-namespace used for temporarily storing articles which need to be moved from one Wikimedia project to another. See transwiki in the Meta-Wiki for a full explanation.
Wikipedia has two customised namespaces:
- {{ns:100}} Portal
- {{ns:101}} Portal_talk
A table namespace was created on the English Wikipedia in May 2007, without special properties. It was removed within a few days after objections. See also bug 2194.
Google does not index pages in namespace 1, see Template:Google_custom#Problem_with_the_Talk:_namespace. To search in this namespace use e.g. AltaVista instead, or with the MediaWiki search feature, use http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?ns1=1&fulltext=Search&search=x and replace the x in the URL by the search term.
Wikipedia-specific See also
This page is a copy of the master help page at Meta (for general help information all Wikimedia projects can use), with two Wikipedia-specific templates inserted. To update the main text, edit the master help page for all projects at m:Help:Namespace. For Wikipedia-specific issues, use Template:Ph:Namespace (the extra text at the bottom of this page) or Template:Phh:Namespace for a Wikipedia-specific lead (text appears at the top of this page). You are welcome to replace the full wikitext of this page with that of the master page at Meta at any time. To view this page in other languages see the master page at Meta.
