Mohammed Rafique Mughal
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Muhammad Rafiq Mugal is a Pakistani archaeologist, engaged in investigating of ethnoarchaeological research in Chitral, northern Pakistan. He has been responsible for the direction, technical support and supervision for restoration and conservation of more than thirty monuments and excavated remains of the Islamic, Buddhist and Proto-historic periods, in Punjab and Frontier Provinces and Northern Areas of Pakistan.
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[edit] Contributions in restoration and conservation
Mughal supervised the preparation a number of conservation and restoration projects of archaeological and architectural heritage of Pakistan. He also planned, organized and directed archaeological fieldworks and research projects of extensive surveys involving documentation of sites, monuments, and excavations across the world on locations of diverse cultural contents ranging in date from the Prehistoric to Islamic periods. He also conducted extensive surveys in coordination of various international archaeologists for explorations in Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, North-West Frontier Provinces and Northern Areas of Pakistan that led to the discovery of various settlements of the Indus Civilization and of other cultural contents.
[edit] Museum development
Mughal has contributed to the development of several museums in Pakistan. This includes contributing to the establishment of Islamabad Museum in 1994. He also helped to reorganise Swat Museum, Saidu Sharif in collaboration with Japanese museologists. He was also leading figure in proposing the establishment of the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at Gilgit in 1993, the Museum at Rohtas Fort (1994), the Ethnological and Archaeological Museum at Multan (1995) and for the expansion of Taxila Museum (1994).
[edit] Heritage conservation and management
Mughal has been involved in conservation for the following sites and monuments:
- Buddhist monasteries, stupas and city remains in the Swat and Taxila Valleys;
- Structural remains of the Indus Civilization at Harappa;
- Islamic buildings of 16th and 17th centuries AD namely, Lahore Fort and [[Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)
|Shalamar Garden]] (both on UNESCO's World Heritage List);
- Baradari (garden pavilion) of Wazir Khan Mosque;
- Tombs of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Ali Mardan Khan, Prince Pervez, Mir Chakar Khan Rind;
- Nandana Fort;
- Hiran Minar and Pavilion;
- Mosques of Mariyam Zamani; Dai Anga and Akbari Sarai;
- Baoli (stepped well) at Jandiala Sher Khan.
[edit] Major international collaborations
- 1990: Co-Investigator with H. Fujiwara from Japan for research on rice at Harappa in archaeological contexts.
- 1996: Collaboration with Rita P. Wright from the U.S. for a Joint Field Survey around the city of Harappa and beyond.
- 1980-82: Joint Excavations at Sar and Buri, Bahrain with local and Australian teams.
- 1966: Collaborative Survey of sites in the Malir River Basin, Lower Sindh with Walter A. Fairservis from the USA.
- 1960: Collaboration with George F. Dales in the survey along the Makran Coast of Baluchistan.
- 1958: Participant in the excavations at Charsada headed by Sir Mortimer Wheeler from the United Kingdom.
[edit] Archaeological excavations
[edit] Indus Civilization and Bronze Age sites
- Excavations at Jhukar, 1973-74;
- Malir Megaliths, 1975;
- Harappa, 1967 and 1992;
- Jalilpur, 1971 and 1976;
- Jhang, 1974;
- Sutkagan Dor, 1960;
- Sar al-Jisr (Bahrain), 1980-81 and 1981-82;
- Buri and A'Ali (Bahrain), 1980-82.
[edit] Buddhist and Early Historical/ Medieval sites
- Lahore Fort, 1959;
- Aibek's Grave, 1960;
- Tulamba, 1963-64;
- Satgara, 1971;
- Charsadda, 1958 (with Sir Mortimer Wheeler);
- Nimogram, 1967;
- Pan Dheri, 1967;
- Mainamati (Bangladesh), 1962-63; and
- Paharpur (Bangladesh), 1963.
[edit] Early Islamic sites
- Mansurah, 1965-66, (headed by Dr. F. A. Khan); 1967 and 1982-83;
- Banbhore, 1958, 1959-60 (headed by Dr.F.A. Khan), 1960-61, 1961-62, 1964 and 1965; and
- Bhiro Bham, 1964.
[edit] Punjab Province
- Cholistan, 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977;
- Multan and Faisalabad, 1967, 1971, 1973 and 1976;
- Sahiwal, 1966 and 1971;
- Dera Ghazi Khan, 1961;
- Lahore, 1990;
[edit] Sindh Province
- Jacobabad, 1961;
- Nawab Shah and Thatta, 1963;
- Malir River Basin, 1964 (headed by Walter A. Fairservis);
- Sukkur-Rohri, 1966 and 1983;
- Karachi and Thano Bula Khan, 1966;
- Sindh Kohistan, 1983;
- Nagar and Parkar, 1987;
[edit] N.W. Frontier Province & Northern Areas
- Swat and Dir, 1966;
- Gilgit and Hunza region, 1979;
[edit] Balochistan Province
- Northern and Central Balochistan, 1973;
- Makran Coast, 1960 (headed by George F.Dales);
- Las Bela, 1962;
- Kej Valley, Mekran, 1964.
Mughal was also the project director of two major schemes for "Survey and Documentation of Sites and Monuments in Sindh and Punjab" between 1993 and 1996.
[edit] Publications
- Ancient Cholistan, Archaeology and Architecture. Ferozesons. 1997. ISBN 9690013505
