Modern novel

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The first modern novel has generally been ascribed to a series of picaresque novels, most famously Don Quixote (1605) by Cervantes.

Later candidates to the title "modern novel" include Pamela (1740) by Richardson, Pride and Prejudice (1813) by Jane Austen, The Red and the Black (1831) by Stendhal, and Madame Bovary (1857) by Gustave Flaubert. Because of the attention given in these novels to the psychological development of the main characters, these novels are also called the first psychological novels.