Missouri Army National Guard
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| Headquarters, State Area Command Missouri Army National Guard |
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|---|---|
| Active | |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Missouri |
| Branch | Army National Guard |
| Type | ARNG Headquarters Command |
| Part of | Missouri National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Jefferson City, Missouri |
The Missouri National Guard comprises both Army and Air National Guard components. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. In fact, the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status. Those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into federal service in response to a call by the President or Congress.
The Missouri Army National Guard is composed of approximately ____ soldiers, and maintains 65 armories in 64 communities.
When National Guard troops are called to federal service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is: "To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed."
The Governor may call individuals or units of the Missouri National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is: "To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law."
The State Defense force is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Missouri and executive order. The State Defense Force (SDF) is the state’s authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Missouri National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state.
The Missouri Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.
Missouri Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Missouri Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Missouri.
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[edit] Units and Formations
- 35th Division Support Command (Deactivated)
- 35th Engineer Brigade
- 35th Combat Aviation Brigade
- U.S. 135th Field Artillery Brigade
- 70th Troop Command
- 140th Regiment
- 7th WMD Combat Support Team
- 205th Military Police Battalion
- 3175th Chemical Company
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
[edit] Duties
National Guard units can be mobilized at any time by presidential order to supplement regular armed forces, and upon declaration of a state of emergency by the governor of the state in which they serve. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually (except through voluntary transfers and Temporary DutY Assignments TDY), but only as part of their respective units. However, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations (2001-?); the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard.
[edit] Active Duty Callups
For much of the final decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served "One weekend a month, two weeks a year", with a portion working for the Guard in a full-time capacity. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit (or National Guardsman) to serve one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be involuntarily activated for a total of more than 24 months (cumulative) in one six year enlistment period (this policy is due to change 1 August 2007, the new policy states that soldiers will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 24 months, individual states have differing policies).
In December of 1989, a contingent of 22 Military Police from Detachment 1, 1138th MP Company from Doniphan, Missouri was in Panama on a 2 week annual training when "Operation Just Cause" commenced. The MP's, who specialized in enemy prisoner of war operations, augmented the active duty force at Fort Clayton, taking enemy mortar and artillery fire when the invasion began. While serving in combat, the unit set up and operated the Empire Range EPW camp. They made history by being the first National Guard unit called into active service since the Vietnam War.
The 1138th was called upon once again to serve in Operation Desert Shield/Storm the following year. They were one of the first Guard units placed on alert status in August, 1990 but did not deploy until December, 1990. The Missouri Guard was the first EPW unit to deploy as part of the 400th MP Battalion. They eventually set up and operated the 301st EPW Camp, near the Saudi Arabian city of Hafir al Baten (Hotel 301). They returned to a hero's welcome back to Missouri in May, 1991.
[edit] History
The Missouri Army National Guard was originally formed in 1890. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system.
Many states also maintain their own military forces. These forces are federally recognized, but are separate from the National Guard and are not meant to be federalized, but rather service the state exclusively, especially when the National Guard is deployed and unavailable. Missouri does not currently have such a State Defense Force.
See History of the United States National Guard for a more complete history of the guard at a national level.
[edit] See also
- State Defense Forces
- Militia
- Home Guard
- U.S. 35th Infantry Division
- Transformation of the Army National Guard
[edit] References
- United States National Guard, accessed 4 Nov 2006
- Missouri National Guard, accessed 25 Nov 2006
- GlobalSecurity.org Missouri Army National Guard, accessed 25 Nov 2006
- Unit Designations in the Army Modular Force, accessed 23 Nov 2006
[edit] External links
- The National Guard Bureau
- The National Guard Bureau Heritage Collection
- The Army National Guard Recruiting Site
- Information about joining the guard
- GlobalSecurity.org Army National Guard page
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