Maximilian II of Bavaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maximilian II
King of Bavaria
Reign	March 28, 1848 - March 10, 1864
Born	November 28, 1811(1811-11-28)
Birthplace	Munich
Died	March 10, 1864 (aged 52)
Place of death	Munich
Predecessor	Ludwig I
Successor	Ludwig II
Consort	Marie of Prussia
Issue	Ludwig II, Otto I
Royal House	Wittelsbach
Father	Ludwig I of Bavaria
Mother	Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen

Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 – March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. He was son of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Contents 1 Crown Prince 2 King 3 Cultural legacy 4 Ancestors 5 External links 5.1 Notes

[edit] Crown Prince

After studying at Göttingen and Berlin and travelling in Germany, Italy and Greece, he was introduced by his father into the council of state (1836). From the first he showed a studious disposition, declaring on one occasion that had he not been born in a royal cradle his choice would have been to become a professor. As crown prince, in the chateau of Hohenschwangau near Füssen, which he had rebuilt with excellent taste, he gathered about him an intimate society of artists and men of learning and devoted his time to scientific and historical study.

[edit] King

When the abdication of Ludwig I (March 20, 1848) called him suddenly to the throne, his choice of ministers promised a liberal regime. Although, however, from 1850 onwards his government tended in the direction of absolutism, he refused to become the tool of the clerical reaction, and even incurred the bitter criticism of the Ultramontanes by inviting a number of celebrated men of learning and science (e.g. Geibel, Liebig and Sybel) to Munich, regardless of their religious views. Finally, in 1859, he dismissed the reactionary ministry of Ludwig Karl Heinrich von der Pfordten, and met the wishes of his people for a moderate constitutional government.

Maximilian II responded also to the demands of the people for a united German state, by attending the Frankfurt Assembly which intended to create such a state. The progress of the revolution, however, gave him pause. He strenuously opposed the unionist plans of the Frankfurt Parliament, refused to recognize the imperial constitution devised by it, and assisted Austria in restoring the federal diet and in carrying out the federal execution in Hesse and Holstein. In the aftermath of the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly, Prussia and Austria continued to debate of which monarchy had the inherent right to rule Germany. The dispute between Austria and the Electoral Prince of Hesse-Kassel was used by Austria and its allies (including Bavaria) to promote the isolation of Prussia in German political affairs. This diplomatic insult almost led to war when Austria, Bavaria and other allies moved troops through Bavaria towards Hesse-Kassel in 1850. However, the Prussian army backed down and accepted the principle of dual leadership. This event was known as the Punctation of Olmütz but also known as the "Humiliation of Olmütz" by Prussia. This event solidified the Bavarian kingdom's alliance with Austria against Prussia.

In his German policy Maximilian was guided by the desire to maintain the union of the princes, and hoped to attain this as against the perilous rivalry of Austria and Prussia by the creation of a league of the "middle" and small states - the so-called Trias. In 1863, however, seeing what he thought to be a better way, he supported the project of reform proposed by Austria at the Furstentag of Frankfurt. Attempts by Prussia to reorganize the loose and un-led German Confederation, were opposed by Bavaria and Austria while taking part in its own discussions with Austria and other allies in 1863 in Frankfurt without Prussia and its allies attending. The failure of this proposal, and the attitude of Austria towards the Confederation and in the Schleswig-Holstein question, undeceived him; but before he could deal with the new situation created by the outbreak of the war with Denmark he died suddenly at Munich, on March 10, 1864. He is buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich.

Maximilian was a man of amiable qualities and of intellectual attainments far above the average, but as a king he was hampered by constant ill health, which compelled him to be often abroad, and when at home to live much in the country. By his wife, Marie Friederike Franziska Hedwig, daughter of Prince William of Prussia, whom he married in 1842, he had two sons, Ludwig II of Bavaria and Otto of Bavaria, both of whom became king and lost their reason.

[edit] Cultural legacy

Maximilian offered Paul Heyse and other writers from North Germany large stipends. Hans Christian Andersen visited "King Max" (as he called him) in his castle Starnberg, and write of him as a young, highly amiable man. The King, having read his novels and fairy tales, let Andersen know that he was deeply impressed by The Improvisator, En Digters Bazar, The Little Mermaid and Paradisets Have. During the visit Andersen also read The Ugly Duckling^[1]. Later Andersen visited the King at the Hohenschwangau castle. King Maximilian II. was the principal of the Maximilianstrasse and the Bavarian National Museum in Munich. The hiking path in Upper Bavaria called Maximiliansweg is named after him, as he made a longer hike in the Bavaria alps in the summer of 1858^[2].

[edit] Ancestors

Maximilian II's ancestors in three generations

Maximilian II of Bavaria	Father: Ludwig I of Bavaria	Paternal Grandfather: Maximilian I of Bavaria	Paternal Great-grandfather: Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Maria of Sulzbach
		Paternal Grandmother: Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt	Paternal Great-grandfather: Georg Wilhelm of Hesse-Darmstadt
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Luise of Leiningen-Heidesheim
	Mother: Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen	Maternal Grandfather: Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg	Maternal Great-grandfather: Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar
		Maternal Grandmother: Charlotte Georgine Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Maternal Great-grandfather: Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Friederike Caroline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt

[edit] External links

• The King's portrait

[edit] Notes

Maximilian II of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach Born: 28 November 1811 Died: 10 March 1864
Regnal titles
Preceded by Ludwig I	King of Bavaria 1848-1864	Succeeded by Ludwig II

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007)