Malleability
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (December 2007) |
This article does not cite any references or sources. (November 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with ductility. (Discuss) |
- For malleability in cryptography, see malleability (cryptography).
Malleability is a mechanical property of matter, but is most commonly used in reference to metals and metalloids. A malleable metal is capable of being flattened into thin sheets without cracking by the processes of hammering or rolling. This property is important in metalworking, as materials that crack or break under pressure cannot be hammered or rolled. Malleable materials can be formed using stamping or pressing, whereas brittle metals and plastics must be molded.
Malleability occurs as a result of the specific type of bond found in metallic (Main article: metallic bond). In metallic bonds, valence shell electrons are delocalized and shared between many atoms. This is often referred to as the "sea of electrons" and is responsible for many properties of metal. The delocalized electrons allow metal atoms to slide past one another without being subjected to strong repulsive forces that would cause other materials to shatter.
Gold is the most malleable metal, followed by aluminium. Many plastics, and amorphous solids such as Play-Doh are also malleable.