Macintosh Plus
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| Macintosh Plus | |
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| Manufacturer | Apple Computer |
| Introduced | January 16, 1986 |
| Discontinued | October 15, 1990 |
| Price | US$2599 |
| CPU | Motorola 68000, 8 MHz |
| RAM | 1 MB, expandable to 4 MB, 150 ns 30-pin SIMM |
| OS | 1.1–2.1, 3.0–6.0.8, 7.0-7.5.5 |
| Model number | M0001A |
The Macintosh Plus computer was the third model in the Macintosh line, introduced two years after the original Macintosh and a little more than a year after the Macintosh 512K. As an evolutionary improvement over the 512K, it introduced RAM expansion from 1 MB to 4 MB, and the SCSI peripheral bus, among smaller improvements. It originally had the same generally beige-colored case as the original Macintosh ("Pantone 453"[1]), but in 1987, the case color was changed to the long-lived, warm gray "Platinum" color[2].
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[edit] Overview
Introduced as the Macintosh Plus, it was the first Macintosh model to include a SCSI port, which launched the popularity of external SCSI devices for Macs, including hard disks, tape drives, CD-ROM drives, printers, and even monitors. Its SCSI implementation was engineered shortly before the initial SCSI spec was finalized and, as such, is not 100% SCSI-compliant. As the Mac Plus had no provision at all for expansion other than the SCSI bus, the entire onus of expansion was on the user. This usually made it very expensive. SCSI ports remained standard equipment for all Macs until the introduction of the iMac in 1998.
The Macintosh Plus was the last classic Mac to have a phone cord-like port in front for the keyboard, as well as the DE-9 connector for the mouse; later models would use ADB ports.
It had a new 3.5-inch double-sided 800 KB floppy drive, offering double the capacity of previous Macs along with backward compatibility. The new drive was controlled by the same IWM chip as in previous models, implementing variable speed GCR. The drive was still completely incompatible with PC drives. The 800 KB drive had two read/write heads, enabling it to simultaneously use both sides of the floppy disk and thereby double storage capacity.
The Mac Plus was the first of many Macintoshes to use SIMMs (single in-line memory modules) for its memory. It came standard with 1 MB of RAM (four 256 KB SIMMs) and could be upgraded to 4 MB of RAM. It had 128 KB of ROM on the motherboard, which was double the amount of ROM that was in previous Macs; the new System software and ROMs included routines to support SCSI, the new 800 KB floppy drive, and the Hierarchical File System (HFS), which used a true directory structure on disks (as opposed to the earlier MFS, Macintosh File System in which all files were stored in a single directory, with one level of pseudo-folders overlaid on them). For programmers, the fourth Inside Macintosh volume detailed how to use HFS and the rest of the Mac Plus's new system software. This new filing system allowed it use the first hard drive Apple developed for the Macintosh 512K, the IWM floppy disk-based Hard Disk 20 and the new ROMs allowed the Macintosh to use the drive as a startup disk for the first time. The Plus still did not include provision for an internal hard drive and it would be over 9 months before Apple would offer a SCSI drive replacement for the slow Hard Disk 20. It would be well over a year before Apple would offer the first internal hard disk drive in any Macintosh.
A compact Mac, the Plus had a 9-inch 512 by 342 pixel monochrome display with a resolution of 72 PPI, identical to that of previous Macintosh models. Unlike earlier Macs, the Mac Plus's keyboard included a numeric keypad and directional arrow keys, and, as with previous Macs, it had a one-button mouse and no fan, making it extremely quiet in operation.
The applications MacPaint and MacWrite were bundled with the Mac Plus. After August of 1987, HyperCard and MultiFinder were also bundled. Third-party software applications available included MacDraw, Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, as well as Aldus's PageMaker. This was the first time GUI versions of Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint were introduced on any personal computer platform.
Essentially identical to the original Macintosh, it originally debuted in beige and was labeled Macintosh Plus on the front, but Macintosh Plus 1MB on the back to denote the 1MB RAM configuration with which it shipped. In January 1987 it transitioned to Apple's long-lived Platinum gray color with the rest of the Apple product line. In January 1988 with reduced RAM prices, Apple began shipping 2 & 4MB configurations and re-branded it simply Macintosh Plus. Among other design changes, it included the same trademarked inlaid Apple logo and recessed port icons as the Apple IIc and IIGS before it, but it essentially retained the original design.
An upgrade kit was offered for the earlier Macintosh 128K and Macintosh 512K/enhanced, which included a new motherboard, floppy disk drive and rear case. The owner retained the front case, monitor, and analog board. Because of this, there is no "Macintosh Plus" on the front, and the Apple logo is recessed and in the bottom left hand corner. However, the label on the back of the case reads "Macintosh Plus 1MB". The new extended Plus keyboard could also be purchased. Unfortunately, this upgrade cost almost as much as a new machine.
The Mac Plus itself could be upgrade further with the use of third party accelerators, which clipped onto the 68000 processor, allowing the Plus to run up to a 32MHz 68030 processor and adding up to 16MB RAM.[3]
In the present, there is a program called vMac that can emulate a Mac Plus on a variety of platforms, including Unix, Windows, DOS, Mac OS, Mac OS X, and even Nintendo DS.
[edit] Long production life
Although the Mac Plus became overshadowed by two new Macs in March 1987 (the Macintosh SE and the Macintosh II), it remained in production as a cheaper alternative until the introduction of Macintosh Classic on 15 October 1990. This makes the Macintosh Plus the longest-produced Macintosh ever. It continued to be supported by versions of the Mac OS up to version 7.5.5, released in 1996. Additionally, during its life-span, it was heavily discounted like the 512K/512Ke before it and offered to the educational market badged as the "Macintosh Plus ED".[4]
[edit] Problems
The lack of fan could cause the life of a Macintosh Plus to end early for some users. As the power supply would heat up, solder joints inside it would fracture causing many problems, such as loss of deflection in the monitor or a complete loss of power.
From the debut of the Macintosh 128K through the Macintosh Plus, various third-party cooling add-ons were available to help increase airflow through the unit (including the fanless Mac Chimney which cooled by convection). Apple finally reorganized the Compact Macintosh case to accommodate a fan with the release of the Macintosh SE. Another popular remedy was to create more vents so that more air could escape.[citation needed]
[edit] Emulators
[edit] Popular culture
A Mac Plus made an appearance in the 1986 science fiction movie Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home. In the scene, engineer Scotty, having traveled to the 1980s from the late 23rd century, tries to use the Mac to demonstrate the formula for a material known as transparent aluminum. However, he is perplexed by its failure to respond to his voice commands. Scotty is handed the mouse, which he holds up to his mouth like a microphone and cheerfully says, "Hello computer!" The machine's owner directs him to the use the keyboard, which he calls "quaint" but quickly accomplishes the task.
In the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II, while in the year 2015, Marty notices in a store window a sports almanac which lists sports statistics through the year 2000. Next to it is a Macintosh Plus labeled "Antique Computer". Although released in 1989, the film continues to portray 1985 as the present and so from Marty's perspective, the antique computer hadn't even been invented yet.
A Mac Plus also made an appearance in Flubber; it is located in the main character's kitchen.
An anthropomorphized version of the Mac Plus named Max is the default Office Assistant for Macintosh versions of Microsoft Office starting with Office 98.
Timeline of compact Macintosh models
- See also: Timeline of Apple Macintosh models
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- BYTE takes an early look at the Mac Plus
- Uses for a Mac Plus
- Mac Plus memory upgrade pictorial
- Floppy drives compatible with the Mac Plus
- The Vintage Mac Museum: Mac Plus Slideshows
- The M0001 Registry Owners of Vintage Macintosh
- Apple Macintosh Before System 7 Plus Hardware
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