Lymphocyte antigen 96

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Identifiers

LY96; MD-2

External IDs

OMIM: 605243 MGI: 1341909 HomoloGene: 9109

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• coreceptor activity
Cellular Component:	• plasma membrane
Biological Process:	• inflammatory response • immune response • cellular defense response • cell surface receptor linked signal transduction • antibacterial humoral response

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_015364 (mRNA)
NP_056179 (protein)

NM_016923 (mRNA)
NP_058619 (protein)

Location

Chr 8: 75.07 - 75.1 Mb

Chr 1: 16.67 - 16.69 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Lymphocyte antigen 96, also known as LY96, is a human gene.^[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in binding lipopolysaccharide with TLR 4. It is also known as "MD2".

The MD-2 protein appears to associate with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccyaride (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling.^[1]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: LY96 lymphocyte antigen 96.

[edit] Further reading

Shimazu R, Akashi S, Ogata H, et al. (1999). "MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on Toll-like receptor 4.". J. Exp. Med. 189 (11): 1777–82. PMID 10359581.
Kato K, Morrison AM, Nakano T, et al. (2000). "ESOP-1, a secreted protein expressed in the hematopoietic, nervous, and reproductive systems of embryonic and adult mice.". Blood 96 (1): 362–4. PMID 10891475.
Dziarski R, Wang Q, Miyake K, et al. (2001). "MD-2 enables Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated responses to lipopolysaccharide and enhances TLR2-mediated responses to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components.". J. Immunol. 166 (3): 1938–44. PMID 11160242.
Schromm AB, Lien E, Henneke P, et al. (2001). "Molecular genetic analysis of an endotoxin nonresponder mutant cell line: a point mutation in a conserved region of MD-2 abolishes endotoxin-induced signaling.". J. Exp. Med. 194 (1): 79–88. PMID 11435474.
Abreu MT, Vora P, Faure E, et al. (2001). "Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.". J. Immunol. 167 (3): 1609–16. PMID 11466383.
Visintin A, Mazzoni A, Spitzer JA, Segal DM (2001). "Secreted MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 4.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (21): 12156–61. doi:10.1073/pnas.211445098. PMID 11593030.
Akashi S, Nagai Y, Ogata H, et al. (2002). "Human MD-2 confers on mouse Toll-like receptor 4 species-specific lipopolysaccharide recognition.". Int. Immunol. 13 (12): 1595–9. PMID 11717200.
Abreu MT, Arnold ET, Thomas LS, et al. (2002). "TLR4 and MD-2 expression is regulated by immune-mediated signals in human intestinal epithelial cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20431–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110333200. PMID 11923281.
Re F, Strominger JL (2002). "Monomeric recombinant MD-2 binds toll-like receptor 4 tightly and confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (26): 23427–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202554200. PMID 11976338.
Latz E, Visintin A, Lien E, et al. (2003). "Lipopolysaccharide rapidly traffics to and from the Golgi apparatus with the toll-like receptor 4-MD-2-CD14 complex in a process that is distinct from the initiation of signal transduction.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (49): 47834–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207873200. PMID 12324469.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
Schröder NW, Morath S, Alexander C, et al. (2003). "Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus activates immune cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and CD14, whereas TLR-4 and MD-2 are not involved.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (18): 15587–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212829200. PMID 12594207.
Mullen GE, Kennedy MN, Visintin A, et al. (2003). "The role of disulfide bonds in the assembly and function of MD-2.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (7): 3919–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0630495100. PMID 12642668.
Ohnishi T, Muroi M, Tanamoto K (2004). "MD-2 is necessary for the toll-like receptor 4 protein to undergo glycosylation essential for its translocation to the cell surface.". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10 (3): 405–10. PMID 12738639.
Thompson PA, Tobias PS, Viriyakosol S, et al. (2003). "Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein inhibits responses to cell-bound LPS.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (31): 28367–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302921200. PMID 12754215.
Visintin A, Latz E, Monks BG, et al. (2004). "Lysines 128 and 132 enable lipopolysaccharide binding to MD-2, leading to Toll-like receptor-4 aggregation and signal transduction.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 48313–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306802200. PMID 12960171.
Re F, Strominger JL (2004). "Separate functional domains of human MD-2 mediate Toll-like receptor 4-binding and lipopolysaccharide responsiveness.". J. Immunol. 171 (10): 5272–6. PMID 14607928.
Hamann L, Kumpf O, Müller M, et al. (2005). "A coding mutation within the first exon of the human MD-2 gene results in decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling.". Genes Immun. 5 (4): 283–8. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364068. PMID 15057266.
Gruber A, Mancek M, Wagner H, et al. (2004). "Structural model of MD-2 and functional role of its basic amino acid clusters involved in cellular lipopolysaccharide recognition.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (27): 28475–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400993200. PMID 15111623.
Jia HP, Kline JN, Penisten A, et al. (2004). "Endotoxin responsiveness of human airway epithelia is limited by low expression of MD-2.". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 287 (2): L428–37. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00377.2003. PMID 15121639.