Lubawka
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| Lubawka | |||
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  Lubawka
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian | ||
| County | Kamienna Góra | ||
| Gmina | Lubawka | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 22.44 km² (8.7 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - Total | 6,529 | ||
| - Density | 291/km² (753.6/sq mi) | ||
| Website: http://www.lubawka.net.pl | |||
Lubawka [luˈbafka] (German: Liebau) is a town in Poland, in Lower Silesia Voivodship, in Kamienna Góra County. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Lubawka. It lies in the area of Central Sudetenland near to the border with Czech Republic on the way across the Lubawka pass (516m) between the Karkonosze and Crow Mountains Czech: Vranní hory). Two small rivers, the Bóbr and Czarnuszka, run through the town, which has 6,529 inhabitants (2006).
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[edit] History
The first written reference to Lubawka is from 1284. From 1292 to 1810 it belonged to the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów (German: Grussau). The whole domain devolved to the Czech Kingdom in 1392. The town was destroyed twice during the Hussite wars in 1425 and 1431. From 1526 it become part of the Hapsburg Empire. Another great war disaster hit Lubawka when the Swedish army during the Thirty Years War totally despoiled the city which was abandoned by its inhabitants for more than six months. The city developed rapidly in the 18th century, particularly due to growth in the textile industry there and in surrounding villages. Unfortunately several great fires damaged the city in those times. The largest one in 1734 destroyed the town hall, school, church, vicarage and almost all buildings. In 1810 when the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów was abolished, Lubawka in conjunction with Chełmsko Śląskie began to develop on their own. The railway, a great incentive to faster development, arrived in Lubawka from Sędzisławia in 1867. Several years later it was extended to Královec (German: Königshof) and connected with Žacléř (German: Schatzlar) and Trutnov (German: Trautenau) which are now part of the Czech Republic. In those times coal mining reached prosperity. At the end of 19th century Lubawka and the surrounding villages became very well-known as a destination for tourism. The German Olympic team used a facility built near Lubawka to prepare for the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. During the era of the Third Reich the facility was used by Hitler-Jugend as a training and recreation centr. During 1944 there was established the branch of KZ Gross-Rosen in the city for 500 Jewish women delivered from Auschwitz.
The town was occupied by the Soviet army on 7 May 1945. Approximately 1000 German war refugees resided in Lubawka[citation needed] together with 6300 resident citizens at that time. Virtually all of them were displaced to Germany between 1945 and 1947[citation needed]. The whole area including Lubawka was populated by Poles transferred from the eastern parts of Poland occupied by and annexed to the Soviet Union, and from the neighborhood of Nowy Sącz in south-east Poland.
[edit] Places of interest
- Town hall from 18th century
- Parish church from 17th century
- Raven Rocks (Polish: Krucze Skały)
- Calvary on the Holy Mountain (Polish: Kalwaria na Świętej Górze)
- Valley of Mercy (Polish: Dolina Miłości)
[edit] Notable Citizens
Otto Mueller (* 16 October 1874 in then Liebau; † 24 September 1930 in Oborniki Śląskie near Wroclaw) was a German painter and lithographer of expressionism. He is considered one of the most outstanding expressionists of all time.
[edit] External links
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