List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes

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This list of sequenced eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle only sequences.

DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, was released.

Contents 1 Protists 1.1 Chromista 1.2 Alveolata 1.3 Excavata 1.4 Amoebozoa 2 Plants 3 Fungi 4 Mammals 5 Other Animals 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Protists

[edit] Chromista

The Chromista are a group of protists that contains the algal phyla Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta and Cryptophyta. Members of this group are mostly studied for evolutionary interest.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Guillardia theta	Cryptomonad	Model organism	551 kb (nucleomorph genome only)	464[1]	Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia	2001[1]
Thalassiosira pseudonana Strain:CCMP 1335	Diatom		2.5 Mb	11,242[2]	Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington	2004[2]

[edit] Alveolata

Alveolata are a group of protists which includes the Ciliophora, Apicomplexa and Dinoflagellata. Members of this group are of particular interest to science as the cause of serious human and livestock diseases.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Cryptosporidium hominis Strain:TU502	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen	10.4 Mb	3,994[3]	Virginia Commonwealth University	2004[3]
Cryptosporidium parvum C- or genotype 2 isolate	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen	16.5 Mb	3,807[4]	UCSF and University of Minnesota	2004[4]
Paramecium tetraurelia	Ciliate	Model organism	72 Mb	39,642[5]	Genoscope	2006[5]
Plasmodium falciparum Clone:3D7	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen (malaria)	22.9 Mb	5,268[6]	Malaria Genome Project Consortium	2002[6]
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii Strain:17XNL	Parasitic protozoan	Rodent pathogen (malaria)	23.1 Mb	5,878[7]	TIGR and NMRC	2002[7]
Theileria parva Strain:Muguga	Parasitic protozoan	Cattle pathogen (African east coast fever)	8.3 Mb	4,035[8]	TIGR and the International Livestock Research Institute	2005[8]
Theileria annulata Ankara clone C9	Parasitic protozoan	Cattle pathogen	8.3 Mb	?	Sanger	2005[9]
Tetrahymena thermophila	Ciliate	Model organism	104 Mb	27,000[10]		2006[10]

[edit] Excavata

Excavata is a group of related free living and symbiotic protists; it includes the Metamonada, Loukozoa, Euglenozoa and Percolozoa. They are researched for their role in human disease.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Leishmania major Strain:Friedlin	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen	32.8 Mb	8,272[11]	Sanger Institute	2005[11]
Trichomonas vaginalis	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen (Trichomoniasis)	160 Mb	59,681[12]	TIGR	2007[12]
Trypanosoma brucei Strain:TREU927/4 GUTat10.1	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen (Sleeping sickness)	26 Mb	9,068 [13]	Sanger Institute and TIGR	2005[13]
Trypanosoma cruzi Strain:CL Brener TC3	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen (Chagas disease)	34 Mb	22,570[14]	TIGR, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute and Uppsala University	2005[14]

[edit] Amoebozoa

Amoebozoa are a group of motile amoeboid protists, members of this group move or feed by means of temporary projections, called pseudopods. The best known member of this group is the slime mould which has been studied for centuries; other members include the Archamoebae, Tubulinea and Flabellinea. Some Amoeboza cause disease.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Dictyostelium discoideum Strain:AX4	Slime mold	Model organism	34 Mb	12,500[15]	Consortium from University of Cologne, Baylor College of Medicine and the Sanger Centre	2005[15]
Entamoeba histolytica HM1:IMSS	Parasitic protozoan	Human pathogen (amoebic dysentery)	23.8 Mb	9,938[16]	TIGR, Sanger Institute and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine	2005[16]

[edit] Plants

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotype:Columbia	Wild mustard	Model plant	120 Mb	25,498[17]	Arabidopsis Genome Initiative[18]	2000[17]
Cyanidioschyzon merolae Strain:10D	Red alga	Simple eukaryote	16.5 Mb	5,331[19]	University of Tokyo, Rikkyo University, Saitama University and Kumamoto University	2004[19]
Oryza sativa ssp indica	Rice	Crop and model organism	420 Mb	32-50,000[20]	Beijing Genomics Institute, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences	2002[20]
Oryza sativa ssp japonica	Rice	Crop and model organism	466 Mb	46,022-55,615[21]	Syngenta and Myriad Genetics	2002[21]
Ostreococcus tauri	Green alga	Simple eukaryote	12.6 Mb		Laboratoire Arago	2006[22]
Physcomitrella patens	Bryophyte	Model organism early diverging land plant	500 Mb	39,458[23]	US Department of Energy Office of Science Joint Genome Institute	2008[23]
Populus trichocarpa	Balsam poplar or Black Cottonwood	Carbon sequestration, model tree, commercial use (timber), and comparison to A. thaliana	550 Mb	45,555[24]	The International Poplar Genome Consortium	2006[24]
Vitis vinifera	Grapevine PN40024	Fruit crop	490 Mb[25]	30,434[25]	The French-Italian Public Consortium for Grapevine Genome Characterization	2007[25]

[edit] Fungi

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Ashbya gossypii Strain:ATCC 10895	Fungus	Plant pathogen	9.2 Mb	4,718[26]	SyngentaAG and University of Basel	2004[26]
Aspergillus fumigatus Strain:Af293	Fungus	Human pathogen	29.4 Mb	9,926[27]	Sanger Institute, University of Manchester, TIGR, Institut Pasteur, Nagasaki University, University of Salamanca and OpGen	2005[27]
Aspergillus nidulans Strain:FGSC A4	Fungus	Model organism	30 Mb	9,500[28]		2005[28]
Aspergillus niger Strain:CBS 513.88	Fungus	Biotechnology - fermentation	33.9 Mb	14,165[29]		2007[29]
Aspergillus oryzae Strain:RIB40	Fungus	Used to ferment soy	37 Mb	12,074[30]	National Institute of Technology and Evaluation	2005[30]
Candida glabrata Strain:CBS138	Fungus	Human pathogen	12.3 Mb	5,283[31]	Génolevures Consortium [32]	2004[31]
Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans JEC21	Fungus	Human pathogen	20 Mb	6,500[33]	TIGR and Stanford University	2005[33]
Debaryomyces hansenii Strain:CBS767	Yeast	Cheese ripening	12.2 Mb	6,906[31]	Génolevures Consortium	2004[31]
Encephalitozoon cuniculi	Microsporidium	Human pathogen	2.9 Mb	1,997[34]	Genoscope and Université Blaise Pascal	2001[34]
Kluyveromyces lactis Strain:CLIB210	Yeast		10-12 Mb	5,329[31]	Génolevures Consortium	2004[31]
Magnaporthe grisea	Fungus	Plant pathogen	37.8 Mb	11,109[35]		2005[35]
Neurospora crassa	Fungus	Model eukaryote	40 Mb	10,082[28]	Broad Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, University of Kentucky, and the University of Kansas	2003[28]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain:S288C	Baker's yeast	Model eukaryote	12.1 Mb	6,294[36]	International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing[37]	1996[36]
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Strain:972h	Yeast	Model eukaryote	14 Mb	4,824[38]	Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory	2002[38]
Yarrowia lipolytica Strain:CLIB99	Yeast	Industrial uses	20 Mb	6,703[31]	Génolevures Consortium	2004[31]

[edit] Mammals

Organism	Type	Shotgun Coverage	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Bos taurus	Cow	6*	3.0 Gb[39]		Cattle Genome Sequencing International Consortium
Canis lupus familiaris	Dog	7.6*	2.4 Gb[40]	19,300[40]	Broad Institute and Agencourt Bioscience	2005[40]
Cavia porcellus	Guinea Pig	2*	3.4 Gb		The Genome Sequencing Platform, The Genome Assembly Team[39]
Dasypus novemcinctus	Nine-banded Armadillo	2* [41]	3.0 Gb		Broad Institute[39]
Echinops telfairi	Hedgehog-Tenrec	2* [41]			Broad Institute
Equus caballus	Horse	6.8*	2.1 Gb [39]		Broad Institute et al.[39]	2007 [42]
Erinaceus europaeus	Western European Hedgehog	2* [41]			Broad Institute
Felis catus	Cat	2*	3 Gb	20,285[43]	The Genome Sequencing Platform, The Genome Assembly Team[39]	2007[43]
Homo sapiens	Human		3.2 Gb [44]	25,000[44]	Human Genome Project Consortium and Celera Genomics	Draft 2001[45][46] Complete 2006[47]
Loxodonta africana	African Elephant	2* [41]	3 Gb		Broad Institute
Macaca mulatta	Rhesus Macaque	6*			Macaque Genome Sequencing Consortium[39]
Microcebus murinus	Gray Mouse Lemur	2* [41]			The Genome Sequencing Platform, The Genome Assembly Team[39]
Monodelphis domestica	Gray Short-tailed Opossum		3.475 Gb (only 10% in Genbank)[48]	18 - 20,000 (protein coding)	Broad Institute et al.	2007[49]
Mus musculus	Mouse		2.5 Gb	24,174[50]	International Collaboration for the Mouse Genome Sequencing[51]	2002[50]
Myotis lucifugus	Little Brown Bat	2* [39]			Broad Institute
Ochotona princeps	American Pika	2* [41]			Broad Institute
Ornithorhynchus anatinus [48]	Platypus	6* [39]			Washington University
Oryctolagus cuniculus	Rabbit	2* [41]	2.5 Gb		Broad Institute et al. [39]
Otolemur garnettii	Small-eared Galago, or Bushbaby	2* [41]			Broad Institute
Pan troglodytes	Chimpanzee	6* [39]	3.1 Gb		Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium	2005[52]
Pongo pygmaeus	Orangutan		3.0 Gb		Institute for Molecular Biotechnology [39]
Rattus norvegicus	Rat	1.8* or better	2.8 Gb [39]	21,166[53]	Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium	2004[53]
Sorex araneus	European Shrew	2* [41]	3.0 Gb [39]		The Genome Sequencing Platform, The Genome Assembly Team[39]
Spermophilus tridecemlineatus	Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel	2*			The Genome Sequencing Platform, The Genome Assembly Team[39]
Tupaia belangeri	Northern Tree Shrew	2*			Broad Institute[39]

[edit] Other Animals

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Anopheles gambiae Strain: PEST	Mosquito	Vector of malaria	27.8 Mb	13,683[54]	Celera Genomics and Genoscope	2002[54]
Apis mellifera	Honey bee		1.8 Gb	10,157[55]	The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium	2006[55]
Bombyx mori Strain:p50T	Moth (domestic silk worm)	Silk production	530 Mb		University of Tokyo and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences	2004[56]
Caenorhabditis briggsae	Nematode worm	For comparison with C. elegans	104 Mb	19,500[57]	Washington University, Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory	2003[57]
Caenorhabditis elegans Strain:Bristol N2	Nematode worm	Model animal	97 Mb	19,000[58]	Washington University and the Sanger Institute	1998[58]
Ciona intestinalis	Tunicate	Simple chordate	116.7 Mb	16,000[59]	Joint Genome Institute	2003[59]
Ciona savignyi	Tunicate		174 Mb		Broad Institute	2007[60]
Drosophila melanogaster	Fruit fly	Model animal	165 Mb	13,600[61]	Celera, UC Berkeley, Baylor College of Medicine, European DGP	2000[61]
Gallus gallus	Chicken		1 Gb	20-23,000[62]	International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium	2004[62]
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus	Sea urchin	Model eukaryote	814 Mb	23,300[63]	Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium	2006[63]
Takifugu rubripes	Puffer fish	Vertebrate with small genome	390 Mb	22-29,000[64]	International Fugu Genome Consortium[65]	2002[66]
Tetraodon nigroviridis	Puffer fish	Vertebrate with compact genome	340 Mb[67]	22,400[67]	Genoscope and the Broad Institute	2004[67]

[edit] See also

• Genome project
• Genomic organization
• History of genetics
• List of sequenced archeal genomes

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• EMBL-EBL Eukaryotic Genomes
• UCSC Genome Browser
• International Sequencing Consortium - Large-scale Sequencing Project Database
• Ensembl The Ensembl Genome Browser (includes draft and low coverage genomes)
• Fungal Genome Initiative (includes draft genomes)
• GOLD:Genomes OnLine Database v 2.0