List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawaiʻi
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This is a complete List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawaiʻi. The United States National Historic Landmark program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.[1] The state of Hawaiʻi is home to 33 of these landmarks, many of which relate the state's role in World War II and the archaeological remains of ancient Hawaiians, among other stories.
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[edit] Current NHLs in Hawaii
The table below lists all 33 of these sites, along with added detail and description. They are distributed across six of the Hawaiian islands, with the greatest number (16) on Oʻahu.
| [2] | Landmark name[3] | Image | Date designated[3] | Locality[3][4] | Island[3][4] | Description[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arizona, USS (shipwreck) USS Arizona Memorial |
 |
05 May 1989 | Pearl Harbor |
Oʻahu | These are the sunken remains of the USS Arizona, destroyed in battle during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. |
| 2 | USS Bowfin (submarine) |  |
14 Jan 1986 | Pearl Harbor |
Oʻahu | Submarine which sank 16 Japanese vessels during World War II |
| 3 | CINCPAC Headquarters |  |
28 May 1987 | Pearl Harbor |
Oʻahu | This was the headquarters of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1942 through 1945, while he was Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet during World War II. Commanding land, sea, and air forces, Admiral Nimitz had major responsibility for campaigns such as the Battle of Midway, the liberation of Guam, and the seizure of Saipan and Tinian in the Marianas. |
| 4 | Cook Landing Site | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Waimea | Kauaʻi | Captain James Cook landed here at the mouth of the Waimea River on January 20, 1778. Cook is the first European known to have sighted the Hawaiian Islands, and the January 20 landfall in southwestern Kauaʻi was his first arrival upon Hawaiian soil. |
| 5 | Falls of Clyde (four-masted oil tanker) |  |
11 Apr 1989 | Honolulu |
Oʻahu | [1] |
| 6 | Hickam Field |  |
16 Sep 1985 | Honolulu |
Oʻahu | [2] |
| 7 | Hokukano-Ualapue Complex | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Ualapue | Molokaʻi | This archaeological site includes six heiaus and two fishponds. The complex is one of the most important collections of native Hawaiian sites in Hawaiʻi. |
| 8 | Honokohau Settlement Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park |
image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Hawaiʻi | [3] | |
| 9 | Huilua Fishpond | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Kāneʻohe | Oʻahu | This is one of the last surviving fishponds out of an estimated 97 such structures that once existed on coastal Oʻahu, and one of the few ancient Hawaiian fishponds that were still operational well into the 20th century. |
| 10 | Iolani Palace | .JPG/100px-Iolani_Palace_(1328).JPG) |
29 Dec 1962 | Honolulu |
Oʻahu | [4] |
| 11 | Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement Kalaupapa National Historical Park |
 |
07 Jan 1976 | Kalaupapa |
Molokaʻi | Hansen's disease was epidemic in Hawaiʻi between 1866 and the 1940s. In response to this public health crisis, Kalaupapa was founded in 1866 for the isolation of afflicted Hawaiians. Over time, wooden houses, churches, and auxiliary buildings were constructed to accommodate the increasing numbers of sufferers. Various religious groups provided aid, including the Belgian priest Father Joseph Damien, who eventually succumbed to the disease himself. |
| 12 | Kamakahonu | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Kailua-Kona | Hawaiʻi | King Kamehameha I, who unified the Hawaiian Islands, lived out the last years of his life and instituted some of the most constructive measures of his reign (1810-1819). The residential compound includes the personal heiau of the King. It was here, too, within a year of the Kamehameha's death, that the first missionaries to the Hawaiʻi arrived in 1820. |
| 13 | Kaneohe Naval Air Station |  |
28 May 1987 | Kailua |
Oʻahu | [5] |
| 14 | Kaunolu Village Site | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Lānaʻi | This former fishing village, abandoned in the 1880s, is the largest surviving ruins of a prehistoric Hawaiian village. The archaeological site is very well-preserved. | |
| 15 | Kawaiahao Church and Mission Houses |  |
29 Dec 1962 | Honolulu |
Oʻahu | [6] |
| 16 | Keauhou Holua Slide | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Keauhou | Hawaiʻi | This is the largest and best-preserved hōlua course, used in the extremely toboggan-like activity restricted to chiefs. |
| 17 | Lahaina Historic District |  |
29 Dec 1962 | Lāhainā |
Maui | [7] |
| 18 | Loaloa Heiau | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Kaupo |
Maui | This is one of the few remaining intact examples of a large luakini heiau (state level temple where human sacrifice was performed). Once the center of an important cultural complex around Kaupo, oral tradition attributes the construction of the temple at about 1730 AD to Kekaulike, King of Maui, who lived at Kaupo and died in 1736. |
| 19 | Mauna Kea Adz Quarry | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | na | Hawaiʻi | This quarry was used by prehistoric Hawaiians to obtain basalt for stone tools. Located at an elevation of 12,000' (3,657 m), this is the largest primitive quarry in the world. The archaeological complex also includes religious shrines, trails, rockshelters, and petroglyphs. |
| 20 | Mookini Heiau | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Hāwī | Hawaiʻi | [8] |
| 21 | Old Sugar Mill of Koloa | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Kōloa | Kauaʻi | [9] |
| 22 | Opana Radar Site | image pending | 19 Apr 1994 | Kawela |
Oʻahu | [10] |
| 23 | Palm Circle |  |
28 May 1987 | Honolulu |
Oʻahu | This portion of Fort Shafter housed the headquarters of the commanding general and his staff, U.S. Army forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, during World War II. By 1944 this command was responsible for the supply and administration of all U.S. Army personnel in the Central and South Pacific, and from 1943 to 1945, carried out logistical planning for the invasions of the Gilberts, Marshalls, Marianas, Guam, Palau, and Okinawa. |
| 24 | Piilanihale Heiau |  |
29 Jan 1964 | Hāna | Maui | [11] |
| 25 | Puu O Mahuka Heiau |  |
29 Dec 1962 | Haleʻiwa |
Oʻahu | [12] |
| 26 | Puukohola Heiau Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site |
 |
29 Dec 1962 | Kawaihae |
Hawaiʻi | [13] |
| 27 | Russian Fort |  |
29 Dec 1962 | Waimea |
Kauaʻi | [14] |
| 28 | South Point Complex |  |
29 Dec 1962 | Nāʻālehu |
Hawaiʻi | [15] |
| 29 | United States Naval Base, Pearl Harbor |  |
29 Jan 1964 | Pearl Harbor |
Oʻahu | [16] |
| 30 | Utah, USS (shipwreck) |  |
05 May 1989 | Pearl Harbor |
Oʻahu | [17] |
| 31 | Wailua Complex of Heiaus | image pending | 29 Dec 1962 | Wailuā |
Kauaʻi | [18] |
| 32 | Washington Place | .jpg/100px-Washington_Place,_Beretania_&_Miller_Streets,_Honolulu_(Honolulu_County,_Hawaii).jpg) |
29 Mar 2007 | Honolulu | Oʻahu | Built in 1844-1847, this was the home of Queen Liliʻuokalani, the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian kingdom, from the time of her marriage in 1862 to her death in 1917. While living here, she saw the monarchy overthrown and Hawaiʻi annexed to the United States. It was subsequently used as the executive mansion by the territorial and state governors of Hawaiʻi until 2002, reflecting the expansion of U.S. territory and power into the Pacific.[6] |
| 33 | Wheeler Field | image pending | 28 May 1987 | Honolulu |
Oʻahu | [19] |
[edit] Historical National Park Service Areas in Hawaii
In addition, or perhaps overlapping, are five U.S. National Park Service areas of historic orientation in Hawaii.[7] Of these, the USS Arizona Memorial, Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, and Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site are also National Historic Landmarks and are listed above.
The other one, which is also a landmark of national historic importance, is Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. It was established in 1955, before the National Historic Landmarks program started.
[edit] References
- ^ National Park Service. National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers. Retrieved on 2007-09-21.
- ^ Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colors, defined here, differentiate the National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Historic Landmark Districts and other higher designations from other NHL buildings, structures, sites or objects.
- ^ a b c d National Park Service (April 2007), National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State, <http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf>. Retrieved on 20 May 2007.
- ^ a b National Park Service. National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
- ^ National Park Service. National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database. Retrieved on various dates.
- ^ U.S. Department of the Interior (2007-04-04). "Interior Secretary Kempthorne Designates 12 National Historic Landmarks in 10 States". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
- ^ National Park Service (April 2007), National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State (Appendix C, page 112), <http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST07.pdf>. Retrieved on 20 May 2007.
[edit] See also
- List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
- List of Registered Historic Places in Hawaii
- Historic preservation
- National Register of Historic Places
- History of Hawaii
[edit] External links
- National Historic Landmark Program at the National Park Service
- Lists of National Historic Landmarks
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