List of Kings of Babylon
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| Ancient Mesopotamia |
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| Kings of Babylon |
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The following is a list of the Kings of Babylon, a major city of ancient Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq.
[edit] The Babylonian king list
The Babylonian king list is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to the Sumerian king list.
There are two versions, known as King List A (all kings from the First Dynasty of Babylon to king Kandalanu) and King List B (only the two first dynasties). A third version of the list was written, in Greek, by Berossus. The Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age is a continuation that mentions all kings from Alexander the Great to Demetrius II Nicator.
[edit] First Dynasty of Babylon
This uses the traditional Middle Chronology, although there is now reason to believe it may be too early by as much as a century.
- Sumu-abum 1894-1881 BC
- Sumu-la-El 1880-1845 BC
- Sabium 1844-1831 BC
- Apil-Sîn 1830-1813 BC
- Sin-muballit 1812-1793 BC
- Hammurabi 1792-1750 BC
- Samsu-Iluna 1749-1712 BC
- Abi-Eshuh 1711-1684 BC
- Ammi-Ditana 1683-1647 BC
- Ammi-Saduqa 1646-1626 BC
- Samsu-Ditana 1625-1595 BC
[edit] Early Kassite Monarchs
These rulers did not rule Babylon itself, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.
- Gandash fl. c.1730 BC
- Agum I
- Kashtiliash I
- Ushshi
- Abirattash
- Kashtiliash II
- Urzigurumash
- Harbashihu
- Tiptakzi
[edit] Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)
This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but rather the Sumerian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.
- Iluma-ilum fl. c.1732 BC
- Itti-ili-nibi
- Damiq-ilishu
- Ishkibal
- Shushushi
- Gulkishar
- Peshgaldaramash
- Adarakalamma
- Ekurduanna
- Melamkurkukka
- [1 unnamed king between Gulkishar and Ea-gamil(?)]
- Ea-gamil fl. c. 1460 BC
[edit] Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)
The chronology followed here is the higher chronology found in Von Beckerath's Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Another commonly used chronology generally gives dates of approximately 10 to 20 years earlier for each monarch, but this does not synchronize so well with the most commonly used chronology for the Egyptian New Kingdom.
- Agum II fl. c.1570 BC
- Burna-Buriaš I
- Kaštiliaš III
- Ulam-Buriaš
- Agum III
- Kadašman-harbe I
- Karaindaš
- Kurigalzu I d.1377 BC
- Kadašman-Enlil I 1377-1361 BC
- Burna-Buriaš II 1361-1333 BC
- Karahardaš 1333-1331 BC
- Nazibugaš 1331 BC
- Kurigalzu II 1331-1306 BC
- Nazimaruttaš 1306-1280 BC
- Kadašman-Turgu 1280-1262 BC
- Kadašman-Enlil II 1262-1254 BC
- Kudur-Enlil 1254-1245 BC
- Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245-1232 BC
- Kaštiliaš IV 1232-1224 BC
- Enlil-nadin-šumi 1224-1221
- Adad-šuma-iddina 1221-1215
- Adad-šuma-usur 1215-1185 BC
- Melišipak 1185-1170s BC
- Marduk-apal-iddina I 1170-1157 BC
- Zababa-šuma-iddina 1157-1156 BC
- Enlil-nadin-ahhe 1156-1153 BC
[edit] Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin
- Marduk-kabit-ahhešu 1155-1146 BC
- Itti-Marduk-balatu 1146-1132 BC
- Ninurta-nadin-šumi 1132-1126 BC
- Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I) 1126-1103 BC
- Enlil-nadin-apli 1103-1100 BC
- Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1100-1082 BC
- Marduk-šapik-zeri 1082-1069 BC
- Adad-apla-iddina 1069-1046 BC
- Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BC
- Marduk-zer-X 1046-1033 BC
- Nabu-šum-libur 1033-1025 BC
[edit] Dynasty V of Babylon
[edit] Dynasty VI of Babylon
[edit] Dynasty VII of Babylon
[edit] Dynasty VIII of Babylon
[edit] Dynasty IX of Babylon
- Ninurta-kudurri-usur 943 BC
- Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 943-c.920 BC
- Šamaš-mudammiq c.920-900 BC
- Nabu-šuma-ukin 900-888 BC
- Nabu-apla-iddina 888-855 BC
- Marduk-zakir-šumi I 855-819 BC
- Marduk-balassu-iqbi 819-813 BC
- Baba-aha-iddina 813-811 BC
- 5 kings 811-c.800 BC
- Ninurta-apla-X c.800-c.790 BC
- Marduk-bel-zeri c.790-c.780 BC
- Marduk-apla-usur c.780-769 BC
- Eriba-Marduk 769-761 BC
- Nabu-šuma-iškun 761-748 BC
[edit] Dynasty IX of Babylon
From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings and other sources.
[edit] Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)
- Further information: Neo-Assyrian Empire and Kings of Assyria
- Nabu-mukin-zeri, 732-729 BC
- Tiglath-Pileser III 729-727 BC
- Shalmaneser V 727-722 BC
- Marduk-apla-iddina II (the Biblical Merodach-Baladan), 722-710 BC
- Šarrukin (Sargon) II of Assyria, 710-705 BC
- Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 705-703 BC
- Marduk-zakir-šumi II, 703 BC
- Marduk-apla-iddina II, 703 BC (restored)
- Bel-ibni, 703-700 BC
- Aššur-nadin-šumi (son of Sennacherib of Assyria), 700-694 BC
- Nergal-ušezib, 694-693 BC
- Mušezib-Marduk, 693-689 BC
Assyrian Sack of Babylon, 689 BC; Babylon is rebuilt by Esarhaddon of Assyria in the 670s BC
- Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) of Assyria, 689-681 BC
- Aššur-ahha-iddina (Esarhaddon) of Assyria, 681-669 BC
- Šamaš-šum-ukin (son of Esarhaddon), 668-648 BC
- Kandalanu 648-627 BC
- Sin-shumu-lishir 626 BC Only parts, included the city Babylon.
- Sinsharishkun ca. 627 BC - 620 Lost control over Babylonia fast.
[edit] Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean)
- Further information: Neo-Babylonian Empire
- Nabu-apla-usur (Nabopolassar) 626 - 605 BC
- Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadrezzar II (Nebuchadnezzar II)) 605 - 562 BC
- Amel-Marduk 562 - 560 BC
- Nergal-šar-usur (Nergal-sharezer) 560 - 556 BC
- Labaši-Marduk 556 BC
- Nabu-na'id (Nabonidus) 556 - 539 BC
- Kambyses 538 - 522 BC
[edit] Persian Babylonia
- Further information: Persian Mesopotamia and Achaemenid Empire
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by Cyrus the Great of Persia. His son was crowned one year later formally as King of Babylonia
- Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 529-522 BC
- Smerdis (Bardiya), alleged son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 522 BC (Possibly a usurper)
- Darius I, the Great, brother-in-law of Smerdis and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521-486 BC
- Xerxes I, son of Darius I, ruled 485-465 BC
- Artaxerxes I Longimanus, son of Xerxes I, ruled 465-424 BC
- Xerxes II, son of Artaxerxes I, ruled 424 BC
- Sogdianus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 424-423 BC
- Darius II Nothus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 423-405 BC
- Artaxerxes II Mnemon, son of Darius II, ruled 404-359 BC (see also Xenophon)
- Artaxerxes III Ochus, son of Artaxerxes II, ruled 358-338 BC
- Artaxerxes IV Arses, son of Artaxerxes III, ruled 338-336 BC
- Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336-330 BC
[edit] Hellenistic Babylonia
- Further information: Seleucid Empire
Babylon was captured by Alexander the Great in 330 BC.
- Alexander IV of Macedon (323–309 BC)
- Seleucus I Nicator (Satrap 311–305 BC, King 305 BC–281 BC)
- Antiochus I Soter (co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261 BC)
- Antiochus II Theos (261–246 BC)
- Seleucus II Callinicus (246–225 BC)
- Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter) (225–223 BC)
- Antiochus III the Great (223–187 BC)
- Seleucus IV Philopator (187–175 BC)
- Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175–164 BC)
- Antiochus V Eupator (164–162 BC)
- Demetrius I Soter (161–150 BC)
- Alexander I Balas (150–145 BC)
- Demetrius II Nicator (first reign, 145–138 BC)
- Antiochus VI Dionysus (or Epiphanes) (145–140 BC?)
- Diodotus Tryphon (140?–138 BC)
- Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes) (138–129 BC)
- Demetrius II Nicator (second reign, 129–126 BC)
- Alexander II Zabinas (129–123 BC)
- Cleopatra Thea (126–123 BC)
- Seleucus V Philometor (126/125 BC)
- Antiochus VIII Grypus (125–96 BC)
- Antiochus IX Cyzicenus (114–96 BC)
- Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator (96–95 BC)
- Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator (95–92 BC or 83 BC)
- Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator) (95–87 BC)
- Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus (95–92 BC)
- Philip I Philadelphus (95–84/83 BC)
- Antiochus XII Dionysus (87–84 BC)
- (Tigranes I of Armenia) (83–69 BC)
- Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes or Philometor (70s BC–60s BC?)
- Antiochus XIII Asiaticus (69–64 BC)
- Philip II Philoromaeus (65–63 BC)
