List of Canna species

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Canna species have been categorised by two different taxonomists in the course of the last three decades. They are Paul Maas, from the Netherlands^[1][2][3] and Nobuyuki Tanaka from Japan^[4]. Both reduced the number of species from the 50-100 that had been accepted previously, and assigned most to being synonyms. Inevitably, there are some differences in their categorisations, and the individual articles on the species describes those differences.

The reduction in numbers is also confirmed by work done by Kress and Prince at the Smithsonian Institution, however, this only covers a subset of the species range.^[5]

Contents 1 List of species 2 List of species synonyms 2.1 Cultivar type names 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links 6 See also

[edit] List of species

The following list is based on the Taxomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia, by Dr Tanaka.^[4] The list differs following the proposal to conserve the name Canna tuerckheimii over C. latifolia^[6], and the inclusion of C. variegatifolia Ciciar,^[7] which was identified in 1995, and which Dr Tanaka does not mention in his revision. The latter is recognised in the Kew Gardens checklist, which closely follows Dr Tanakas revision.^[8]

Canna amabilis T. Koyama & Nb. Tanaka[4] Canna bangii Kraenzl.[4] Canna coccinea Blanc.[4][9][10] Canna compacta Rosc.[4][9] Canna discolor var. discolor (Lindl.) Nb.Tanaka[4][9][10][11] Canna discolor var. rubripunctata Nb.Tanaka[4] Canna discolor var. viridifolia Nb.Tanaka[4] Canna flaccida Salisb.[4][9][10][11][12] Canna glauca L.[4][9][10][12] Canna glauca var. siamensis (Kraenzl) Nb. Tanaka[4] Canna indica L.[4][9][10][11][12] Canna indica var. flava (Roscoe ex Baker) Nb. Tanaka[4] Canna indica var. maculata (Hook) Nb. Tanaka[4][9][10]

Canna indica var. sanctae-rosae (Kraenzl.) Nb.Tanaka[4] Canna indica var. warszewiczii (A.Dietr.) Nb.Tanaka[4][9][10][11] Canna iridiflora Ruiz & Pav.[4][9][10][11][12] Canna jacobiniflora T. Koyama & Nb. Tanaka[4] Canna jaegeriana Urban.[4][12] Canna liliiflora Warsc. ex Planch.[4][10] Canna paniculata Ruiz & Pav.[4][12] Canna patens Rosc.[4][9] Canna pedunculata Sims[4][9] Canna plurituberosa T. Koyama & Nb. Tanaka[4] Canna speciosa Rosc.[4][9][10] Canna stenantha Nb. Tanaka[4] Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl.[9][13][12] Canna variegatifolia Ciciar[8]

[edit] List of species synonyms

Canna species synonyms are the inevitable consequence of the difficulty of communication up to the late part of the 19th century. From the late 18th century plant searchers were being despatched to all corners of the world and bringing back to their employers all the plant treasures of the world.^[10]

The problem then became one of identifying the specimens. The capitals and places of learning in the major countries of the world all had botanical gardens and private nurseries and collectors, all intent on discovering and naming new species.

Initially the early taxonomists only had the written word with which to communicate and letters, written in Latin, might take weeks to complete their journeys. Black and white photography eased the communication difficulty and the invention of the telephone and colour photography, and more recently the world wide web have meant that places of learning can now communicate freely and much of the duplication of names has been resolved.

The list below shows the extent of the duplication in naming that has occurred in the past, and follows the Kew Gardens Canna checklist.^[8]

Canna altensteinii Bouché[8][14] Canna amambayensis Kraenzl.[8] Canna anahuacensis Kraenzl.[8] Canna angustifolia L.[9][8][14] Canna annaei André.[8][14] Canna aura-vittata Lodd.[8][14] Canna x aurantiaca Tineo, unplaced name[11][8] Canna aurantiaca Roscoe.[9][8] Canna barbadica Bouché[8] Canna bidentata Bertol.[8] Canna bifida Roem. & Schult.[8] Canna brasiliensis Bouché[8] Canna brasiliensis Roscoe ex Spreng.[8] Canna brittoni Rusby.[8] Canna buekii Weinm.[8][14] Canna carnea Roscoe[9][8][14] Canna cearensis Huber.[8][14] Canna chinensis Willd.[8][14] Canna cinnabarina Bouché[8][14] Canna coccinea var. bicolor Kraenzl.'[8] Canna coccinea var. sylvestris (Roscoe) Regel[8] Canna commutata Bouché[8] Canna compacta Bouché[8] Canna concinna Bouché.[8] Canna confusa J.W.Richardson & L.B.Sm.[8] Canna crocea Lag. ex Rchb.[9][8] Canna crocea Roem. & Schult.[8] Canna curviflora Horan.[8] Canna densifolia Bouché[8] Canna denudata Roscoe[9][8] Canna denudata var. grandis (Horan.) Petersen[8] Canna denudata var. major Roscoe[8] Canna domingensis Urb.[8] Canna edulis Ker Gawl.[9][8][11] Canna ehrenbergii Bouché[8] Canna elata Pohl., unplaced name[8] Canna elegans Raf.[8] Canna ellipticifolia Stokes[8] Canna esculenta Loudon[9][8] Canna excelsa Lodd.[9][8] Canna exigua Bouché[8] Canna fintelmannii Bouché[8] Canna flaccida Roscoe[8] Canna flava Michx. ex Lam.[8] Canna flavescens Link[8] Canna floribunda Bouché[8] Canna formosa Bouché[8] Canna fulgida Bouché[8] Canna gemella Nees & Mart. Canna x generalis L.H.Bailey. Hybrid formula for C. glauca × C. indica × C. iridiflora[8] Canna gigantea F. Delaroche.[9][8] Canna glauca var. annaei Petersen.[8] Canna hassleriana Kraenzl.[8] Canna heliconiifolia Bouché[8] Canna heliconiifolia var. xalapensis (Horan.') Kraenzl.[8] Canna × hortensis Guillaumin; unplaced name.[8] Canna humilis Bouché[8] Canna indica var. coccinea (Mill.) Aiton[8] Canna indica var. edwardsii Regel.[8] Canna indica var. limbata Peters.[11][8] Canna indica var. lutea (Mill.) Aiton[8] Canna indica var. napalensis (Wall. ex Bouché) Baker[11][8] Canna indica var. orientalis (Roscoe) Baker[8] Canna indica var. patens Aiton[8] Canna indica var. rubra Aiton[8] Canna indica var. speciosa (Roscoe ex Sims) Baker[8] Canna iridiflora Willd.[8] Canna jacquinii Bouché[8] Canna juncea Retz.[9][8] Canna kunzei Kraenzl.[8] Canna laeta Bouché[8] Canna lagunensis Lindl.[9][8] Canna lambertii Lindl.[9][8] Canna lanceolata Lodd.[9][8] Canna lanuginosa Roscoe[9][8] Canna latifolia Mill.[9][8] Canna leptochila Bouché[8] Canna leucocarpa Bouché[8]

Canna limbata Roscoe[9][8] Canna linkii Bouché[8] Canna liturata Link ex A.Dietr.[8] Canna longifolia Bouché[8] Canna lutea Mill.[9][8] Canna lutea Larrañaga[8] Canna lutea var. aurantiaca Regel[8] Canna lutea var. genuina Kraenzl.[8] Canna lutea var. maculata (Hook.) Petersen[8] Canna lutea var. pallida Kraenzl.[8] Canna macrophylla Horan., unplaced name.[8] Canna maculata (Hook) Link.[8] Canna maxima Lodd. ex Roscoe[8] Canna meridensis Kraenzl.'[8] Canna mexicanna A.Dietr.[8] Canna miniata Bouché[8] Canna montana Blume[8] Canna moritziana Bouché[8] Canna musaefolia Année[8] Canna napalensis Wall. ex Bouché[8] Canna neglecta Weinm.[8] Canna neglecta Steud.[8] Canna nepalensis D.Dietr.[8] Canna occidentalis Roscoe[9][8] Canna × orchiodes L.H.Bailey. Hybrid formula for C. flaccida × C. × generalis.[8] Canna orientalis Bouché[8] Canna orientalis Roscoe[9][8] Canna orientalis f. flava Roscoe[9][8] Canna ottonis (Bouché) Kraenzl.[8] Canna pallida Roscoe.[9][8] Canna pedicellata C.Presl.[8] Canna pentaphylla D.Dietr.[8] Canna pertusa Urb.[8] Canna platyphylla Nees & Mart., unplaced name.[8] Canna poeppigii Bouché[8] Canna polyclada Wawra[8] Canna polymorpha Lodd. ex Loudon[9][8] Canna portoricensis Bouché[8] Canna pruinosa Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult.[8] Canna pulchra Hassk.[8] Canna pulchra Bouché ex Horan.[8] Canna recurvata Bouché[8] Canna reevesii Lindl.[9][8] Canna reflexa Nees ex D.Dietr.[8] Canna roscoeana Bouché[8] Canna rotundifolia André[8] Canna rubra (Aiton) Willd.[9][8] Canna rubricaulis Link[9][8] Canna sanctae-rosae Kraenzl.'[8] Canna sanguinea Warsz. ex Otto & A.Dietr.[9][8] Canna sanguinea Bouché[8] Canna saturate-rubra Bouché ex K.Koch[8] Canna schlectendaliana Bouché[8] Canna schubertii Horan., unplaced name.[8] Canna seleriana Kraenzl.'[8] Canna sellowii Bouché[8] Canna siamensis Kraenzl.[8] Canna spectabilis Bouché[8] Canna stolonifera D.Dietr.[8] Canna stricta Bouché[8] Canna sulphurea Bouché[8] Canna surinamensis Bouché[8] Canna sylvestris Roscoe[9][8] Canna tenuiflora Bouché[8] Canna textoria Noronha[8] Canna thyrsiflora Hegetschw.[8] Canna tinei Tod.[8] Canna tubiflora Regel, unplaced name.[8] Canna variabilis Willd.[9][8] Canna variegata Besser[8] Canna variegata Bouché[8] Canna ventricosa Bouché[8] Canna violacea Bouché[8] Canna warszewiczii A.Dietr.[9][8] Canna warszewiczii var. flameus Ram. Goyena[8] Canna xalapensis Horan.[8]

[edit] Cultivar type names

In addition, several species have been given cultivar-type names, and those are listed below:

Canna 'Bandana of the Everglades[15] Canna 'Broad-leaved Canna'[14] Canna 'Chinese Canna'[14] Canna 'Cinnabar Canna'[14] Canna 'Dwarf Texas Canna'[14] Canna 'Golden Canna' Canna 'Indo-China Canna'[14] Canna 'Iris Canna'[14] Canna 'Louisiana Canna'

Canna 'Robert Kemp' Canna 'Scarlet Canna'[14] Canna 'Texas Canna'[14] Canna 'Tiki Torch' Canna 'Tiki Tourche' Canna 'Yellow Canna'

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Chaté, E. - Le Canna, 1866.
• Cooke, Ian (2001) The Gardener's Guide to Growing Cannas, Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-513-6
• Johnson's Gardner's Dictionary, 1856.
• Khoshoo, T.N. & Guha, I. - Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas. Vikas Publishing House.
• Kress, W. J. 1990. The phylogeny and classification of the Zingiberales. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 698--721.
• Kress, W. J. and D. E. Stone. 1982. Nature of the sporoderm in monocotyledons, with special reference to the pollen grains of Canna and Heliconia. Grana 21: 129--148.
• Maas, P. J. M. 1985. 195. Cannaceae. In: A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn, ed. 1985+. Flora of the Guianas. Series A: Phanerogams. 1212+ volsfasc. Königstein. VolFasc. 1, pp. xx--xx69--73 .
• Maas, P. J. M. and H. Maas. 1988. 223. Cannaceae. In: G. Harling et al., eds. 1973+. Flora of Ecuador. 5660+ volsnos. Göteborg. VolNo. 32, pp. 1--9.
• Moore, Thomas. 1892. The Gardener's Assistant. Blackie & Son Ltd.
• Percy-Lancaster, S., An Amateur in an Indian Garden. 1927.
• Robinson W., The Subtropical Garden, John Murray, Albermarle St, London, England. 1879.
• Rogers, G. K. 1984. The Zingiberales (Cannaceae, Marantaceae, and Zingiberaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 65: 5--55.
• Segeren, W & Maas, PJM - The genus Canna in northern South America (1971), Acta Botanica Neerlandica. 20(6): 663-680.
• Tanaka, N. 2001. Taxonomic revision of the family Cannaceae in the New World and Asia. Makinoa ser. 2, 1:34–43.
• Woodson, R. E. Jr. and R. W. Schery. 1945. Cannaceae. In: R. E. Woodson Jr. et al., eds. 1943--1981. Flora of Panama. 41 fasc. St. Louis. [Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 32: 74--80.]

[edit] External links

• Cannaceae in Flora of North America
• Kew Gardens checklist of plant families
• Kew Gardens, London. Search PIC database
• Proposal to conserve the name Canna tuerckheimii
• PRINCE, LINDA M.* and W. JOHN KRESS. Smithsonian Institution, NMNH - Botany, MRC-166, Washington, DC 20560-0166. - Species boundaries in Canna (Cannaceae): evidence from nuclear ITS DNA sequence data.
• University of South Florida, Institute for Systematic Botany

[edit] See also

• Canna
• List of Canna cultivars
• List of Canna hybridists