Lepidium oleraceum
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| Lepidium oleraceum | ||||||||||||||
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| Lepidium oleraceum G.Forst. ex Sparrm. |
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Lepidium oleraceum is a herb in the Brassicaceae family, endemic to New Zealand. Its English common name is Cook's Scurvy Grass, Maori names include Heketara, Nau and Ngau[1]
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[edit] Taxonomy
There are three recognised varieties:[2]
- var. frondosum Kirk
- var. acutidentatum Kirk
- var. serrulatum Thell.
[edit] Distribution
In New Zealand it is native to coastal areas of the North and South Islands, Stewart Island, the Three Kings Islands, the Snares Islands, the Chatham Islands, the Auckland Islands, the Antipodes Islands and the Bounty Islands.[2][3] Although this species was once widespread, it is now mostly restricted to off-shore rock stacks and islets. [4]
[edit] Conservation status
The small populations are highly threatened, one of the reasons being reduced populations of seabirds which they are dependent on to provide highly fertile and disturbed soils associated with nesting grounds. Additionally the species is susceptible to browsing livestock, rodents, snails, aphids, leaf miners, Diamond Back Moth and Cabbage White Butterflys. It is also affected by White Rust (Albugo candida), a fungus-like disease. [4]
[edit] Connection with James Cook
During his voyages of exploration James Cook collected a number of plant species at various locations which were used to help ward off scurvy amongst his crew. While visting Tolaga Bay in New Zealand on his first voyage, Cook noted in his journal on 27 October 1769: "...the other place I landed at was the north point of the Bay where I got as much Sellery and Scurvy grass as loaded the Boat".[5] Historian John Cawte Beaglehole believed that "Scurvy grass" in this case referred to Lepidium oleraceum.[5]. Specimens of the plant were collected by botanists Johann and Georg Forster on Cook's second voyage. [6]
[edit] Uses
Young leaves may be eaten raw or cooked. They have a hot cress-like taste and are a rich source of vitamin C.[7]
[edit] References
- ^ New Zealand Flora. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ a b Flora of New Zealand: Taxa. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
- ^ Amey et al.—Lepidium oleraceum on Bounty Islands. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
- ^ a b Conservation genetics of threatened plants. Landcare Research. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
- ^ a b Lange, P.J.; D.A. Norton (1996). "To what New Zealand plant does the vernacular "scurvy grass" refer?". New Zealand Journal of Botany 34: 417-420.
- ^ Lepidium oleraceum. Type collection of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MW). Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
- ^ Lepidium oleraceum - Plants For A Future database report. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
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