Leadership Dynamics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Leadership Dynamics | |
|---|---|
| Type | For-profit, private |
| Genre | Self-improvement |
| Founded | 1967 |
| Founder | William Penn Patrick |
| Dissolved | 1973 |
| Headquarters | California,  United States |
| Area served | National |
| Key people | Alexander Everett |
| Services | personal development |
| Owner | William Penn Patrick |
| Subsidiaries | Mind Dynamics, Holiday Magic |
Leadership Dynamics, also known as Leadership Dynamics Institute (LDI), was a private, for-profit company, owned by William Penn Patrick. The company focused on executive training, personal development and self-improvement. Leadership Dynamics was the first form of what psychologists termed "Large Group Awareness Training"[1].
Contents |
[edit] History
William Penn Patrick wrote a booklet entitled Happiness and Success through Principle, in 1967, and founded Leadership Dynamics based on those principles[2]. Every employee in the management of Holiday Magic were then expected to take part in the Leadership Dynamics coursework[3], which was described as having "overtones of strict military training techniques[2]."
William Penn Patrick was the financial backer of the company, and also provided the financial backing for Holiday Magic and Alexander Everett's Mind Dynamics[4][5]. Patrick stated that students of the Leadership Dynamics Institute would be able to lead "a more creative and constructive life."[5] Patrick utilized the principles of Everett's Mind Dynamics in his company[5].
Ben Gay, a high-level instructor at Leadership Dynamics, was President of Holiday Magic in the United States[3]. Though he claimed Leadership Dynamics was a separate company, "..in no way related to Holiday Magic, Inc.", author Gene Church pointed out many inconsistencies in this statement[3][6]. According to a lawsuit brought against Holiday Magic by the Securities and Exchange Commission, in order to advance to the positions of Instructor General, Trainer General, and Senior General within the company, employees were mandated to take part in the Leadership Dynamics training[7].
In 1970, William Penn Patrick bought Mind Dynamics, and the Leadership Dynamics coursework soon became popular in the United States, Europe, and Australia[2]. However, Patrick's businesses became involved in pyramid schemes, and Leadership Dynamics, Holiday Magic, and Mind Dynamics shut down in 1973[2].
[edit] Techniques
Michael Langone wrote in Business and Society Review that Leadership Dynamics was one of the first "transformational trainings"[8]. The extreme form of human potential movement training[8] led to a series of lawsuits for the company[9]. This extreme training involved subjecting course participants to abusive practices such as beating, food and sleep deprivation, being placed inside of coffins, and degrading sexual acts[8].
Lawsuits against the company by former participants in the coursework alleged that students were sexually abused and tortured, including being placed in coffins or on crosses[10]. Navarro and Navarro described the Leadership Dynamics training as utilizing a "harsh and hard hitting" form of group encounter therapy[2]. The non-fiction book, The Pit: A Group Encounter Defiled described some of these practices in great detail[3], and this was later made into a film, Circle of Power[11].
[edit] Influence
Navarro and Navarro write that Werner Erhard later borrowed the "confrontational and abusive group encounter format" of Leadership Dynamics, and used it to develop Erhard Seminars Training[2]. Langone also noted that many forms of transformational trainings were at the least, indirectly influenced by Leadership Dynamics[8].
While working for Holiday Magic, Lifespring founder John Hanley attended a course at Leadership Dynamics[12]. Chris Mathe, at the time a Ph.D. candidate in clinical psychology, wrote that most of today's current forms of Large Group Awareness Training were modeled after the Leadership Dynamics Institute[13]. Mathe cited Erhard Seminars Training, Landmark Education, Lifespring, Insight Seminars, PSI Seminars, New Warriors, and Impact as groups that were influenced by Leadership Dynamics[13].
[edit] References
- ^ Kilzer, Lou. "Desperate Measures Network of Behavior Modification Compounds Known as Teen Help Has Straightened Out Hundreds of Defiant Adolescents, But Its Methods Aren't For the Faint-hearted.", Rocky Mountain News, E. W. Scripps Company, July 18, 1999.
"The first of the genre psychologists call "large group awareness training" was the Leadership Dynamics Institute..." - ^ a b c d Church, Gene; Conrad D. Carnes (1972). The Pit: A Group Encounter Defiled. Outerbridge & Lazard. ISBN 0876900872 , ISBN 9780876900871.
- ^ Bartley, William Warren (1978). Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man, the Founding of Est. Potter, 177.
- ^ a b c Lande, Nathaniel (1976). Mindstyles, Lifestyles: A Comprehensive Overview of Today's Life-changing Philosophies. Price/Stern/Sloan, 138, 143, 144.
- ^ Church, Gene., The Pit, Pp. 2, 8.
"Ben Gay stated that leadership Dynamics Institute was a separate company, in no way related to Holiday Magic, Inc. (It must have been a coincidence that Ben Gay was at that time President of Holiday Magic in the United States. A coincidence that the founder of Holiday Magic, William Penn Patrick was co-owner of LDI. Coincidence that instructor Jerry Booz was National Vice-President for Holiday Magic Ltd. in Canada, that instrutctor Sharoll Shumate was Regional Vice-President for Holiday Magic in the United States Northeast, and that instructor Vance Powell was Regional Vice-President for Holiday Magic in the United States Southwest.)" - ^ 84 F.T.C. 748, IN THE MATTER OF HOLIDAY MAGIC, INC., ET AL. ORDER, ETC., IN REGARD TO ALLEGED VIOLATION OF SEC. 5 OF THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ACT AND SEC. 2(a) OF THE CLAYTON ACT, Docket 8834., Complaint, Jan. 18, 1971, Decision, Oct. 15, 1974, 248. Leadership Dynamics Institute.
- ^ a b c d Langone, Michael (1989). "Beware of `New Age’ Solutions to Age Old Problems". Business and Society Review 69: 39–42.
- ^ Pressman, Steven (1993). Outrageous Betrayal: The Dark Journey of Werner Erhard from est to Exhile. St. Martin's Press, Chapter: A Door to Door Mind Salesman. ISBN 0-312-09296-2.
- ^ The Role of Small Business in Franchising, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Minority Small Business.", United States Congress. United States House of Representatives. House Permanent Select Committee on Small Business., 1973, P. 127, 137, 157, 203.
- ^ Bobby Roth. Circle of Power [Film]. United States: Media Home Entertainment.
- ^ Fisher, Marc. "I Cried Enough to Fill a Glass: In One Lifespring Session, Trainees May Find Themselves Crawling on Their Hands and Knees, Wailing Like Infants and Tightly Hugging 200 Total Strangers - All to Get Control of Their Lives. Does it Work? Sometimes.", The Washington Post, 1987 The Washington Post, October 25, 1987.
- ^ a b Mathe, Ph.D., Chris., Choosing a Personal Growth Program: Ten questions to help you make an informed decision, Chris Mathe 1999. Alternate site
[edit] Further reading
- Church, Gene; Conrad D. Carnes (1972). The Pit: A Group Encounter Defiled. Outerbridge & Lazard. ISBN 0876900872 , ISBN 9780876900871.
- Roggeman, Mark (Winter 2006). "Oh Man, What Kind of Project Is This?". Midwest Outreach 12 (1): Pages 8–10. Midwest Christian Outreach, Inc..
- Report of the APA Task Force on Deceptive and Indirect Techniques of Persuasion and Control, Margaret Singer, Michael Langone, Jesse S. Miller, Maurice K. Temerlin, Louis J. West, Harold Goldstein, November 1986.
- Mankind Project, Haven Ministries, cited document which describes history of the company.
[edit] External links
- Spiritual gifts of inner peace & self-development, current Web site of Alexander Everett
