L.A. Times v. Free Republic
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L.A. Times v. Free Republic is a 1998 U.S. district court copyright case, finding the FreeRepublic.com bulletin board liable for acts of copyright infringement for its users' repostings of full-text newspaper articles.
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[edit] Case background
Free Republic is a moderated Internet forum and activist site for Republicans, conservatives and neoconservatives from the United States. It was founded in 1996 by Jim Robinson of Fresno, California. The site gained popularity during the President Clinton impeachment controversy.
During the first few years of its existence, Free Republic and its members made a practice of posting and archiving the full text of copyrighted news articles on its website, despite the objection of the copyright holders, claiming the affirmative defenses of Fair Use and freedom of speech.
The home page of Free Republic stated:
- Any man, corporation or government entity who wants to challenge our right to discuss news accounts (copyrighted or not) of public policy issues or political events or of government corruption, etc., in our non-commercial, not-for-profit, public electronic townhall forum should first examine each and every word of the First Amendment above and then tell us which words they don't understand. -- Jim Robinson
In December 1997, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post newspapers (among others) sent certified letters to the "Free Republic" internet forum and its owner Jim Robinson asking them to cease and desist republishing and archiving full text articles of copyrighted materials. Robinson defiantly refused, saying before he would agree to excerpt and link, they would have to rip the keyboard from his cold dead fingers. The papers then filed a complaint for copyright infringement in U.S. District Court. The ensuing four-year long court battle is commonly referred to as "L.A. Times v. Free Republic", and is cited frequently in cases arguing copyright and fair use issues.
Free Republic owner Jim Robinson characterized the ensuing court battle as "a life and death struggle with elements of the socialist propaganda machine, namely, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post."[1]
The plaintiffs were represented by Rex S. Heinke, originally of the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. [1] During the litigation he moved first to the firm of Greines, Martin, Stein & Richland, LLP, of Beverly Hills, then to the firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld of Los Angeles, California. Defendants Free Republic et al were represented by the now-disbarred [2]attorney [3] Brian Langford Buckley. He was replaced during the appeal by David Flyer of Newport Beach.
[edit] Action in the District Court
Suit was filed on September 28, 1998, in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California [4], and Free Republic answered[5], raising a Fair Use affirmative defense. Plaintiff moved for partial summary adjudication on Defendants' Fair Use defense on October 4, 1999[6]. Defendants cross filed for summary judgment, citing a First Amendment defense, on October 19, 1999, under seal[7]. On April 4, 2000, Judge Morrow issued her Order granting partial summary judgment to Plaintiff and denying Defendants' motion for summary judgment. In this opinion, Judge Morrow set out the federal standard for Fair Use of copyrighted materials, which is current authority on all subsequent litigants.
Plaintiff filed for summary judgment on remaining issues of permanent injunction and damages on June 5, 2000. Defendants failed to file any opposition to Plaintiff's Second Motion for Summary Judgment, claiming they hadn't been served, but that it didn't matter as they "did not oppose the relief being requested." Defendants waived their remaining defenses and stipulated to the entry of final judgment in District Court with a stay on execution, preserving their right to appeal to the Court of Appeals only on fair use and First Amendment grounds. The stipulation that Defendants agreed to on November 16, 2000, gave Plaintiffs a Permanent Injunction against posting full-text versions of copyrighted materials, ordered archived articles be stripped, and awarded the plaintiffs $1 million in damages but no attorney fees. Robinson claimed to be judgment-proof, saying "Practically speaking, we were already bankrupt long before any of this got started. We just did not have, and still do not have any assets to protect . . ."
[edit] The Appeal
Defendant's counsel filed its appeal to the Court of Appeals on December 15, 2001. Appellant's Opening Brief was filed April 20, 2001, Appellee's Brief was filed May 31, and Appellant's Reply was filed June 25, 2001. On September 1, 2001, Defendant's attorney was declared Inactive by the California Bar due to MCLE noncompliance and therefore Not Eligible To Practice Law; and thereafter fought publicly with Robinson regarding related legal matters and was banned from Free Republic. On October 5, 2001, Defendants notified the Court of Appeals of their substitution of counsel.
The parties then began negotiating a settlement. The parties ultimately agreed that in return for Defendants dropping their appeal and agreeing to both endorse the Stipulation for Entry of Amended Final Judgment containing the Permanent Injunction Order and link to it on the Free Republic home page, the Defendants would only be jointly and severally liable to the newspapers for $5,000 each which was not described as damages or legal fees; and the Court found that Plaintiffs had "no 'adequate legal remedy' other than a permanent injunction to protect them against further acts of copyright infringements by the three named defendants (Free Republic, Electronic Orchard and James C. Robinson). . ."
Mr. Robinson announced the decision to drop the appeal and begin excerpting and linking articles on June 19, 2002, saying "Well, my fingers are not cold and dead and my keyboard has not been ripped away." Thousands of threads were subsequently deleted from the Archives as Times and Post articles were purged. Free Republic has complied with other post-litigation requests from other copyright owners such as USA Today to excerpt and link.
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Robert J. Klotz, The Politics of Internet Communication, p.172
