Kyoto machi-bugyō
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Kyoto machi-bugyō (京都町奉行 Kyoto machi-bugyō?) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyō, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyō.[1] Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor."
This bakufu title identifies a magistrate or municipal administrator with responsibility for governing and maintaining order in the shogunal city of Kyoto.[2]
The Kyoto machi-bugyo were the central public authorities in this significant urban center. These men were bakufu-appointed officials fulfilling a unique role. They were an amalgam of chief of police, judge, and mayor. The machi-bugyo were expected to manage a full range of administrative and judicial responsibilities.[3]
Each machi-bugyo was involved in tax collection, policing, and firefighting; and at the same time, each played a number of judicial roles –- hearing and deciding both ordinary civil cases and criminal cases.[3]
In this period, the machi-bugyo were considered equal in status to the minor daimyō. At any one time, there were as many as 16 machi-bugyo located throughout Japan;[3] and there was always at least one in Kyoto.
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[edit] Shogunal city
During this period, Kyoto ranked with the largest urban centers, some of which were designated as a "shogunal city." The number of such cities rose from three to eleven under Tokugawa administration.[4]
[edit] List of Kyoto machi-bugyō
- Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.
- Nagai Naomune, 1862-1864.[5]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868, p. 325.
- ^ Hall, John Wesley. (1955) Tanuma Okitsugu: Foreruner of Modern Japan, p. 201
- ^ a b c Cunningham, Don. (2004). Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai, p. 42.
- ^ Cullen, William. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 159.
- ^ Beasley, p. 338.
[edit] References
- Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. 10-ISBN 0-197-13508-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-197-13508-2 (cloth)]
- Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10-ISBN 0-521-82155-X (cloth) -- 10-ISBN 0-521-52918-2 (paper)
- Cunningham, Don. (2004). Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. 10-ISBN 0-804-83536-5; 13-ISBN 978-0-804-83536-7 (cloth)
- Hall, John Wesley. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu: Foreruner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10-ISBN 0-521-48404-9
[edit] See also
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