Kolis
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- This article is about an Indian community. For the Finnish national park, see Koli National Park.
The Koli community is found throughout India. The largest number of Kolis are found in Gujarat state numbering almost 20 to 24% of the total population of Gujarat state. In Gujarat there are number of sub-groups within the Koli community and together they are simply called Kolis. The Koli subgroups are: Koli Patel or Talpada, Matia, Gulam, Mansarovaria, Thakarda or Thakore, Patelia, Ghedia, Valankiya, Chuvalia, Talpada, Khant, Pagi, Idaria, Pardeshi, Bariya, Bhalia, Kotwal, Patanwadia, Debaria, and Rathwa. Most of the Kolis in Gujarat are involved in agriculture or animal husbandry. Kolis are also found in Maharashtra. In Maharashtra they are found in the coastal regions of Maharashtra. They are also one of the original inhabitants of Mumbai, then known as Bombay islands.
In Maharashtra the Kolis almost exclusively speak Marathi language, though some Koli communities speak a variant dialect of Marathi. The Kolis of Mumbai are dispersed all over the city, especially along the western coast of the city. The Kolis of Vasai are Hindu and Christian, though both belong to the Marathi ethnic group. The community has several subcastes , the prominent ones are Koli kolis, Mangela Kolis, Vaity kolis,Christian Kolis, Mahadeo kolis, Suryawanshi kolis.
The name is possibly derived from the Marathi word "Koli", which means a spider (one who spins a web - in Marathi that translates to 'one who weaves a net', and hence the fisherman, who weaves the net, is also called a Koli).
In 1901 the number of Kolis in all India was returned as nearly 3.75 million, but this total includes a distinct weaving caste of Kolis or Koris in northern India.
The estimate of Koli population in Gujarat is based on 1931 enumeration which is the last time caste based enumeration was taken in India.
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[edit] Ekveera
Kolis from around Mumbai worship the goddess Ekveera situated at the Karla caves, Malavli, Lonavla. This goddess is worshipped the most on Chaitra Purnima (15th day of first month in the Marathi calendar).
[edit] History
The Koli the fishermen were here first ... when Bombay was a dumbbell-shaped combination of 7 islands tapering, at the centre, to a narrow shining strand beyond which could be seen the finest and largest natural harbour in Asia. "Midnight's Children", Salman Rushdie Kolbhat, Palva Bunder, Dongri, Mazagaon, Naigaum and Worli were among the islands the Kolis gave their names to. Kolbhat was distorted to Colaba; Palva Bunder became Apollo Bunder. The temple to Mumbadevi in Dongri gave rise to the name of the city. One of the smaller islands near Colaba, variously called Old Man's Island and Old Woman's Island, was a distortion of the Arab name Al-Omani, given for the same fishermen who ranged as far away as the gulf of Oman.
The development of the modern city slowly marginalised these people of the sea. They were removed from Dongri already in 1770 by the East India Company. This historical process of elimination eventually pushed them to the strand near Cuffe Parade, from where they plied their ancient trade of deep water fishing. The Backbay reclamation of the 60's would have further marginalised them had they not approached the courts to stay the reclamation. Now their settlements are protected by law. The places where the koli communities places called Koliwada. You will find these koliwadas from mumbai city to its suburbs. There is also a railway station called Koliwada on central railway horbour line route, which name replaced with Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar for migratory population of sikhs from borders of India, though ther was a strong agitation made by this people but government overlooked it as the strong vote bank was seen by the existing Indira Gandhi Govt. Also the fishing mangroves named Ravali, Sheikh mestri are dumped now for migratory population in the city and the largest village Koliwada (Sheev) on border of city had become a property of Municipal corporation after BIT takeover there land. These Chawls known as NSP sheds are under SRA are broken for redevelopment of city, These are same people known for Bokshi business where women also does fishing with men whch is resembled in old folk song "Lay Lay Lay Lay Layenkarni, Bokshila Jaaataan Sheevkarni" Sheevkarni means fisherwomen of Sheev or Sion Koliwada village. No support to these people only on paper conservation of these adivasi mulnivasi tribes are done but sky crappers are built from all sides of this chawls system.
Kolis are same who fought for joining Maharashtra when Gujrati population wanted it to be with Gujrat as a material gain and business prospects for which more than 160 peoples lost there life in for agitation against it.
In Marathi, Koli means the originally heterogeneous marginal tribe-castes that took late in history to agriculture and were often press-ganged for porterage in army service. The same word also means spider and fisherman, presumably because the fisherman makes and uses a net to catch his prey as a spider his web.
[edit] Koli folk dance & songs
The koli community has its own distinct identity and lively dances. The dance incorporates elements that this community is most familiar with - sea and fishing. The dance is performed by both men and women divided into two groups, where fishermen stand in two rows holding oars in their hands. The dancers move in unison, portraying the movement of the rowing of a boat. Fisherwomen are in the opposite rows with their arms linked and advancing towards men folk. The separate formation then break up and they dance together with movements symbolizing the waves, the breakers and rowing from cliff to cliff and casting of nets to catch the fish.
There are many koli songs which are famous all over India. Some known once are as follows. Aga Pori Sambhaal Dariyala Tufaan Ayalay Bhari; Gorya wer Basali ; Me Hai Koli ; Chikna Chikna ; Dang Ding ; Lal lal pagote ; Chandnan Chandnya ; Dirki la bombil; Maza Kombra ; Me Dolker ; Haldin Bharlay ; Dol Doltai ; Nach go Nach ; Galyat Sakali ; Paru go Paru ; Lai Lai Liakarni ; Gomu Tuze Dadan Go; Vadal Wara ; Valav re Nakva ;
[edit] Koli Festivals
Narali punaw: This is “The day” for kolis. As per traditions kolis know that after this day the wind strength and direction changes in favor of fishing. This is the day when kolis celebrate the kick off of new business season. This is the day when they pray to god sea and make puja of their boats and begins their fishing season. There are songs for this occession as..san aaila go narali punvecha...
Shimga - Shimaga means holi in koli accent haa-wa-li. Holi and Koli goes long way. It is one of the most important Festival for Kolis. There are many koli songs for this occession
