Kamov Ka-22
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Ka-22 | |
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| Type | Transport Gyrodyne |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Kamov |
| Maiden flight | 15th August 1959 |
The Kamov Ka-22 Vintokryl (screw-wing) (Cyrillic:Камов Ка-22 Винтокрыл) (NATO reporting name: "Hoop") was a rotorcraft developed by Kamov for the Soviet Air Force. The experimental rotor-winged transport aircraft combined the capabilities of a helicopter for the vertical take-off and landing with those of a fixed-wing aircraft for the cruise. The Ka-22 carried a large payload, having a hold comparable in size to the An-12. Eight world records for altitude and speed were set by the Ka-22 in its class, none of which have since been broken.[1]
[edit] Design
The Ka-22 was in essence an aeroplane with rotors fitted above the wing tips. An engine was fitted on each wing tip, with drive to both a forward-pulling four-blade propeller and a vertical four-blade rotor. The rotors were larger derivatives of those fitted to the Mi-4. The original prototype was powered by 5,900shp TV-2VK engines, although these were later replaced by the 5,500shp D-25VK. [2] The fuselage contained three-seat cockpit above the glazed nose and a main cargo area large enough to contain 80 seats or 16.5 tonnes of cargo. The entire nose could swing open to starboard for loading bulky items. In helicopter mode the propeller drive was disconnected and the flaps were lowered to 90 degrees. In aeroplane mode the lifting rotors were free to windmill and the aircraft was controlled by the ailerons and tail surfaces. The twin-wheel landing gear was fixed.
[edit] Development
In order to increase the effective range of a helicopter, Kamov designer Vladimir Barshevsky drew up a design for a helicopter with wings and an aeroplane propulsive system. In 1954 a proposal was agreed to produce three Ka-22s. The programme was delayed and on 28th March 1956 prototypes 2 and 3 were cancelled. The Ka-22 first lifted from the ground on 17th June 1959, and made its first untethered flight on 15th August 1959. Serious control difficulties were encountered, leading to orders being postponed until the problems were solved, and in July 1960 an order was received to manufacture three more Ka-22s.
[edit] Operational history
During its short operational history, a total of eight world records were set by the Ka-22, piloted by by D.K. Yefremov and V.V. Gromov.[3]On 7th October 1961, with spats over the wheels and a fairing behind the cockpit, a class speed record was set at 356.3km/h. The spats and fairing were then removed and on 24th November 1961 a payload of 16,485kg was lifted to 2,557m.
On 28th August 1962 whilst on an intermediate stop during a ferry flight to Moscow for acceptance testing, Ka-22 0I-01 rolled to the left and crashed inverted, killing the entire crew. The cause was found to be the rotor linkage, and further inspection found that two of the other three Ka-22s suffered from the same defect.[2] Subsequently, in order to improve stability and control, a complex differential autopilot was installed. This sensed attitude and angular accelerations, and fed into the control system.
On 12th August 1964, whilst involved in Soviet Air Force testing, OI-03 was destroyed. The aircraft entered an uncontrolled turn to the right, and in efforts to correct the Ka-22 pitched into a steep dive. The order was given to abandon the aircraft, and three of the crew survived, but Col S.G.Brovtsev, who was flying, and technician A.F.Rogov, were killed.[2]
After this, the Ka-22 was ultimately abandoned, with the Mi-6 having already taken on the heavy helicopter role. Eventually the two surviving machines, 0I-02 and 0I-04, were scrapped.
The part-autogyro, part-helicopter was only seen once by western observers during the Cold War during an Aviation Day display in Moscow on July 9, 1961.
[edit] Operators
[edit] Specifications (variant)
Data from www.kamov.ru and www.aviastar.org
General characteristics
- Crew: 5
- Capacity: 16500kg
- Length: 27 m ( ft in)
- Diameter: 22.5 m ( ft in)
- Height: 2.8 m ( ft in)
- Gross weight: 42500 kg ( lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × D-25VK turbo shafts, 1 kW (5500 hp) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 350 km/h ( mph)
- Range: 450 km ( miles)
- Service ceiling: 5500 m ( ft)
[edit] See also
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
[edit] References
- ^ Helicopter Ka-22. Kamov Company. Retrieved on 2008-06-05.
- ^ a b c Kamov Ka-22 "Vintokryl". www.aviastar.org. Retrieved on 2008-06-05.
- ^ World Records. Kamov Company. Retrieved on 2008-06-05.
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