Kallawaya people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kallawaya people are an itinerant group of healers living in the Andes of Bolivia. They live in the Bautista Saavedra region, a mountainous area north of La Paz.[1] They are members of the Mollo Culture and are direct descendants of Tihuanacu culture.[2] According to the UNESCO Safeguarding Project, the Kallawaya can be traced to the pre-Inca period.[1]
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[edit] Healers
Kallawaya doctors ("médicos Kallawaya"), are known as the naturopathic healers of Inca kings,[3] and as keepers of science knowledge, principally the pharmaceutical properties of vegetables, animals and minerals.[2] Most Kallawaya healers understand how to use 300 herbs, while specialists are familiar with 600 herbs. Kallawaya women are often midwives, treat gynecological disorders, and pediatric patients.[4] Kallawaya healers travel through northwestern Bolivia and parts of Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru. Often they are on foot, walking ancient Inca trails, through the tropics, mountain valleys and highland plateaus, while looking for traditional herbs.[5]
Prior to leaving their homes to heal the sick, the Kallawayas perform a ceremonial dance. The dance and costumary are expressed as the "yatiri", or healer. The choreography is noted for the "llantucha" of "suri", clothing made of ostrich feathers and used as protection against the elements while they travel to their patients, carrying "khapchos" or "male" bags that contain herbs, mixes, and talismans.[2] Groups of musicians, "kantus" play drums and pan flutes during the ritual ceremonies to establish contact with the spirit world before the healer visits patients.[1]
[edit] Language
The language of their trade is the Kallawaya language, a language encoded with medicinal knowledge, a secret language of the Incas (machay jucay).[6][2] For general conversation, they speak the more common Quechua language.[7]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Proclamation 2003: "The Andean Cosmovision of the Kallawaya". Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ a b c d Wisdom of Mollo Culture Kallawaya. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ KALLAWAYA HEALERS. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Vivien Lougheed. Bolivia. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Michele Peterson (2007-10-30). Bewitched in Bolivia. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Kallawaya: A Secret language for medicinal knowledge. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
- ^ Languages Racing to Extinction in 5 Global "Hotspots". Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
[edit] Further reading
- Abdel-Malek, S, et al. 1995. Drug Leads from the Kallawaya Herbalists of Bolivia. 1. Background, Rationale, Protocol and Anti-HIV Activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 50, no. 3: 157.
- Bastien, Joseph William. Healers of the Andes: Kallawaya Herbalists and Their Medicinal Plants. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1987. ISBN 0874802784
- Janni, Kevin D, and Joseph W Bastien. 2004. Special Section on Medicinal Plants - Exotic Botanicals in the Kallawaya Pharmacopoeia. Economic Botany. 58: S274.
- Krippner, S., and E. S. Glenney. 1997. The Kallawaya Healers of the Andes. The Humanistic Psychologist : Bulletin of the Division of Humanistic Psychology, Division 32 of the American Psychological Association. 25, no. 2: 212.
[edit] External links
- Articles list, various authors, prepared by Dr. K. David Harrison, Swarthmore University
- Encyclopedia Britannica on Kallawaya people
- Encyclopedia Britannica Photo of Kallawaya near Charazani, Bolivia
- Kallawaya by Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages
