Kaidan

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"Kwaidan" redirects here. For the book by Lafcadio Hearn, see Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. For Masaki Kobayashi's film of the same name, see Kwaidan (film).

Kaidan (怪談) (sometimes transliterated kwaidan) is a Japanese word consisting of two kanji: 怪 (kai) meaning “strange, mysterious, rare or bewitching apparition" and 談 (dan) meaning “talk” or “recited narrative.” In its broadest sense, kaidan refers to any ghost or horror story, but it has an old-fashioned ring to it that carries the connotation of Edo period Japanese folktales.

The term is no longer as widely used in Japanese as it once was: J-Horror books and films such as Ju-on and Ring would more likely be labelled by the katakana horā (ホラー, horā^? "horror") or the standard Japanese kowai hanashi (怖い話, kowai hanashi^? "scary story"). Kaidan is only used if the author/director wishes to specifically bring an old fashioned air into the story.^{[citation needed]}

1 Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai and Kaidanshu
- 1.1 Significant Kaidanshu
- 1.2 Significant Kaidan
2 Lafcadio Hearn and Kwaidan
3 Plot elements
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai and Kaidanshu

Kaidan entered the vernacular during the Edo period, when a game called Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai became popular. This game lead to a demand for ghost stories and folktales to be gathered from all parts of Japan and China.

The popularity of the game, as well as the acquisition of a printing press, lead to the creation of a literary genre called Kaidanshu.

Kaidanshu were originally based on older Buddhist stories of a didactic nature, although the moral lessons soon gave way to the demand for strange and gruesome stories.

[edit] Significant Kaidanshu

Tonoigusa, called Otogi Monogatari (Nursery Tales) by Ogita Ansei (1660)
Otogi Boko (Handpuppets) by Asai Ryoi (1666)
Ugetsu Monogatari (Tales of Moonlight and Rain) by Ueda Akinari (1776)

[edit] Significant Kaidan

Bancho Sarayashiki (The Story of Okiku) by Okamoto Kido
Tōkaidō Yotsuya Kaidan (Ghost Story of Tōkaidō Yotsuya) by Tsuruya Nanboku IV (1755–1829)
Botan Dorou (The Peony Lantern) by Asai Ryoi
Miminashi Hoichi (Hoichi the Earless)

[edit] Lafcadio Hearn and Kwaidan

The word was popularised in English by Lafcadio Hearn in his book Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. The spelling kwaidan is a romanization based on an archaic spelling of the word in kana - Hearn used it since the stories in the book were equally archaic. The revised Hepburn romanization system is spelled kaidan.

When film director Masaki Kobayashi filmed several of Hearn's translated tales for his film Kwaidan, the old spelling was retained in the English title.

[edit] Plot elements

Originally based on didactic Buddhist tales, kaidan often involve elements of karma, and especially ghostly vengeance for misdeeds. Japanese vengeful ghosts are far more powerful after death than they were in life, and are often people who were particularly powerless in life, such as women and servants.

This vengeance is usually specifically targeted against the tormentor, but can sometimes be a general hatred toward all living humans. This untargeted wrath can be seen in Furisode, a story in Hearn's book In Ghostly Japan about a cursed kimono that kills everyone who wears it. This motif is repeated in the film Ring with a videotape that kills all who watch it, and the film Ju-on with a house that kills all who enter it.

Kaidan also frequently involve water as a ghostly element. In Japanese religion, water is a pathway to the underworld as can be seen in the festival of Obon.