Judge Dee
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Judge Dee (also, Judge Di) is the titular protagonist of Robert van Gulik's series of detective novels. The series is set in Ancient China and deals with various criminal cases solved by the upright Judge Dee (judges often play the investigator role in ancient Chinese crime stories).
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[edit] Van Gulik's stories
The Judge Dee character is based on the historical figure Di Renjie (c. 630–c. 700), magistrate and statesman of the Tang court. During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) in China, a "folk novel" was written set in former times, but filled with anachronisms. Van Gulik found in Di Gong An an original tale dealing with three cases simultaneously, and, which was unusual among Chinese mystery tales, a plot that for the most part lacked an overbearing supernatural element which could alienate Western readers. He translated it into English and had it published under the title Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee.
This gave him the idea of writing his own novels, set with the similar Ming anachronisms, but using the historical character. Van Gulik was careful in writing the main novels to deal with cases where Dee was newly appointed to a city, thereby isolating him from the existing lifestyle and enabling him to maintain an objective role in the books. Van Gulik's novels and stories made no relation to the original Chinese work and so Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee is not considered to be part of the Judge Dee series.
Initially Dee is assisted only by his faithful clerk, Sergeant Hoong, an old family retainer. However, in The Chinese Gold Murders, which describes Dee's initial appointment and first criminal cases, the judge encounters two highwaymen, euphemistically called "men of the greenwood," Ma Joong and Chiao Tai, who attempt to rob him but are so impressed with his character that they give up their criminal careers and join his retinue on the spot. A little later, in The Chinese Lake Murders, a third criminal, Tao Gan, an itinerant confidence trickster and swindler, similarly joins. Judge Dee ends his career being promoted to the position of senior Metropolitan Judge in the capital, and his assistants obtain official ranks in the Army and civil service.
Van Gulik also wrote series of newspaper comics about Judge Dee in 1964-1967, adding up to a total of 19 adventures. The first 4 were regular balloon strips, but the later 15 had the more typically Dutch textblock under the pictures.
Judge Dee, naturally, is responsible for deciding the sentence as well as assessing guilt or innocence, although van Gulik notes in the stories that all capital punishments must be referred to and decided by officials in the capital. One of the sentences he frequently has to deal with is slow slicing; if he is inclined to mercy, he orders the final, fatal, cut to be made first, thus rendering the ceremony anticlimactic.
[edit] Other authors
Several other authors have created stories based on Van Gulik's Judge Dee character.
- In 1995, Neal Stephenson added a character very much like Judge Dee to his book The Diamond Age. The character was named Judge Fang and his two assistants were named Chang and Miss Pao.
- French author Frédéric Lenormand wrote ten books (not yet translated into English).
- The Chinese/American author Zhu Xiao Di wrote a book about Judge Dee called Tales of Judge Dee (2006). Zhu Xiao Di has no relation to Robert van Gulik but tried to stay faithful to the fictionalized history of van Gulik's Judge Dee. Tales of Judge Dee is set when the Judge was the magistrate of Poo-yang (the same time period as The Chinese Bell Murders and several other novels).
- Judge Dee appears, along with a fictionalized Wu Zetian, in Eleanor Cooney & Daniel Alteri's mystery novel "Deception: A Novel of Mystery and Madness in Ancient China"
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] Publishing order
- Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee (originally Dee Goong An) (1949 translated from Chinese, not really part of the series)
- The Chinese Maze Murders (originally written 1950, published in Japanese in 1951, published in English in 1957)
- The Chinese Bell Murders (originally written between 1953 and 1956, published in English in 1958)
- The Chinese Lake Murders (originally written between 1953 and 1956, published in English in 1960)
- The Chinese Gold Murders (first published in English in 1959)
- The Chinese Nail Murders (1961)
- The Haunted Monastery (1961)
- The Emperor's Pearl (1963)
- The Lacquer Screen (1964)
- The Red Pavilion (1964)
- The Monkey and the Tiger, short stories (1965)
- The Willow Pattern (1965)
- Murder in Canton (1966)
- The Phantom of the Temple (1966)
- Judge Dee at Work, short stories (1967)
- Necklace and Calabash (1967)
- Poets and Murder (1968)
By the author Frédéric Lenormand (not yet translated into English)
- Le château du lac Tchou-an (2004) The Zhou-an lake castle
- La nuit des juges (2004) The night of the judges
- Petits meurtres entre moines (2004) Little murders among monks
- Le palais des courtisanes (2004) The courtesans' palace
- Madame Ti mène l'enquête (2005) Mrs. Dee investigates
- Mort d'un cuisinier chinois (2005) Death of a Chinese cook
- L'art délicat du deuil (2006) The delicate art of mourning
- Mort d'un maître de go (2006) Death of a Go master
- Dix petits démons chinois (2007) Ten little Chinese devils
- Médecine chinoise à l'usage des assassins (2007) Chinese medicine for murderers
- Guide de survie d'un juge en Chine (2008) Survival guide for the Chinese judge
By the author Zhu Xiao Di
- Tales of Judge Dee (2006)
[edit] Chronological order
Judge Dee at Work contains a "Judge Dee Chronology" telling of Dee's various posts, stories -- either books or short stories -- set during that posting, and giving information about the stories. Based on this chronology, the works can be arranged in this order:
- 663 - Judge Dee is a magistrate of Peng-lai, a fictional district on the north-east coast of China.
- The Chinese Gold Murders
- The Lacquer Screen.
- Five Auspicious Clouds, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- The Red Tape Murders, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- He came with the Rain, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- 666 - Judge Dee is the magistrate of Han-yuan, a fictional district on a lakeshore near the capital of Chang-An.
- The Chinese Lake Murders
- The Morning of the Monkey, a short story in The Monkey and the Tiger
- The Murder on the Lotus Pond, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- 666 - Judge Dee is traveling and forced to take shelter in a monastery.
- 668 - Judge Dee is the magistrate of Poo-yang, a fictional wealthy district through which the Grand Canal of China runs (part of modern-day Jiangsu province).
- The Chinese Bell Murders
- The Two Beggers, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- The Wrong Sword, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- The Red Pavilion
- The Emperor's Pearl
- Poets and Murder
- Necklace and Calabash
- 670 - Judge Dee is the magistrate of Lan-fang, a fictional district at the western frontier of Tang China.
- The Chinese Maze Murders
- The Phantom of the Temple
- The Coffins of the Emperor, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- Murder on New Year's Eve, a short story in Judge Dee at Work
- 676 - Judge Dee is the magistrate of Pei-chow, a fictional district in the far north of Tang China.
- The Chinese Nail Murders
- The Night of the Tiger, a short story in The Monkey and the Tiger
- 677 - Judge Dee is the Lord Chief Justice in the Imperial capital of Chang-An.
- 681 - Judge Dee is the Lord Chief Justice for all of China.
Two books, Poets and Murder and Necklace and Calabash, were not listed in the chronology (which was published before these two books were written) but they were both from the time when Judge Dee was the magistrate in Poo-yang.
Zhu Xiao Di's book Tales of Judge Dee is also set at the time when Judge Dee was the magistrate in Poo-yang.
[edit] Filmography
Judge Dee has been adapted for television twice.
- In 1969 Howard Baker produced six Judge Dee stories for Granada Television.[1] These episodes were in black and white and were not a ratings success.
- In 1974 the novel The Haunted Monastery was produced as a television show by Gerald Isenberg with the title Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders. It was filmed with an all Asian cast (including Mako and James Hong). Writing was credited to Nicholas Meyer and Robert van Gulik.[2] It was nominated for an Edgar Award, for Best Television Feature or Miniseries in 1975.
[edit] References
- ^ Judge Dee. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
- ^ Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
