Juan Fernández
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Juan Fernández (c. 1536 – c. 1604) was a Spanish explorer and navigator. Probably between 1563 and 1574 he discovered the Juan Fernández Islands west of Valparaíso, Chile. He also discovered the Pacific islands of San Félix and San Ambrosio (1574).
Some early historians (eg Alexander Dalrymple and James Burney) claim that Fernández was the first European to reach New Zealand. Around 1576, he is thought to have been sailing a considerable distance off the west coast of South America heading towards Lima from Valparaíso when he was blown off course in a storm and sighted land at the north-east corner of the South Island of New Zealand.
He is thought to have sailed down the east coast of the south island but decided to sail north after not finding a decent place to lay anchor. Sailing north he supposedly found the North Island and entered Wellington harbour where he decided to set anchor. Apparently he spent quite a while there and became friendly with the Māori inhabitants and explored more of the North Island, claiming it for the King of Spain.
He set sail back for Chile and had aspirations to return and establish a colony. This idea was soon scrapped due to lack of interest by officials and the Spanish public. A record exists in the Spanish Admiralty libraries, which were reviewed in the 19th century by the Chilean biographer José Toribio Medina who is the main source for the claim in South American literature.
In addition to the Spanish historical records, claimed evidence of this expedition exists in the form of the various relics of apparent Spanish origin in found in New Zealand. A helmet and cannon ball have both been found in Wellington harbour where Fernández supposedly laid anchor. The wreck of a Spanish galleon was sighted by a plane off the Waikato coast and pieces of wood from the 1500s not native to New Zealand that were used on Spanish vessels have been found in Kaipara Harbour as well as other Spanish artifacts off the coast near Dargaville.
Mainstream historians do not however accept the claims; for instance University of Auckland history professor James Belich said claims that the French and Chinese discovered New Zealand prior to Abel Tasman in 1642 had also been put forward. "I think there are a number of theories of this kind and all are highly unlikely."[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- See J. L. Arias, Memoir recommending to the king the conversion of the new discovered islands (in Spanish, 1609; Eng. trans., 1773); Ulloa, Relation del Viaje, bk. ii. ch. iv.; Alexander Dalrymple, An Historical Collection of the several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean (London, 1769-1771); Freville, Voyages de la Mer du Sud par les Espagnols.
- Síntesis sobre algunos navegantes españoles transpacíficos, relacionados con el Reyno de Chile, Liga Maritima de Chile (in Spanish)
- Hooken, T. M. (1894). Some Account of the Earliest Literature and Maps relating to New Zealand, Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 27, Article 71, 616-634.
