John IV Laskaris
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John IV Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Δούκας Λάσκαρις, Iōannēs IV Doukas Laskaris), December 25, 1250 – c. 1305) was emperor of Nicaea from August 18, 1258 to December 25, 1261. This small empire was one of the Greek states founded after the capture of Constantinople by Western European Christians during the Fourth Crusade in 1204, which caused a fragmentation of the Byzantine Empire.
John was a son of Theodore II Doukas Laskaris and Elena of Bulgaria. His maternal grandparents were Emperor Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria and his second wife Anna Maria of Hungary. Anna was originally named Mária and was the eldest daughter of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.
John IV was only seven years old when he inherited the throne on the death of his father. The young monarch was the last member of the Laskarid dynasty, which had done much to restore the Byzantine Empire. His regent was originally the bureaucrat George Mouzalon, but that position was usurped by the aristocrat Michael Palaiologos, who later made himself co-emperor as Michael VIII on January 1, 1259.
After Michael's conquest of Constantinople on July 25, 1261, John IV was left behind at Nicaea, and was later blinded on Michael's orders on his eleventh birthday, December 25, 1261. This made him ineligible for the throne, and he was exiled and imprisoned in a fortress in Bithynia. This action caused the excommunication of Michael VIII Palaiologos by the Patriarch Arsenius Autoreianus, and a later revolt led by a Pseudo-John IV near Nicaea.
John IV spent the remainder of his life as monk, under the name Joasaph. In 1290 he was visited by Andronikos II Palaiologos, who sought forgiveness for his father's blinding of John IV three decades earlier. The deposed emperor died about 1305 and was eventually recognized as a saint, whose memory was revered in Constantinople in the 14th century.
[edit] Ancestry
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4. John III Doukas Vatatzes |
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2. Theodore II Laskaris |
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20. Manuel Laskaris | |||||||||||||||
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10. Theodore I Laskaris |
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21. Joanna Karatzaina | |||||||||||||||
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5. Eirene Laskarina |
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22. Alexios III Angelos | |||||||||||||||
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11. Anna Angelina |
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23. Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera | |||||||||||||||
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1. John IV Laskaris |
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12. Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria |
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6. Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria |
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13. Elena |
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3. Elena Asenina |
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28. Béla III of Hungary | |||||||||||||||
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14. Andrew II of Hungary |
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29. Agnes de Chatillon | |||||||||||||||
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7. Anna Maria of Hungary |
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30. Berthold IV, Duke of Merania | |||||||||||||||
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15. Gertrude of Merania |
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31. Constance of Sicily | |||||||||||||||
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[edit] References
- The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
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John IV Laskaris
Laskarid dynasty
Born: 25 December 1250 Died: unknown 1305 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Theodore II Doukas Laskaris |
Emperor of Nicaea 1259–1261 with Michael VIII Palaiologos (1258–1261) |
Succeeded by Michael VIII Palaiologos |
