John II of Aragon

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Aragonese, Valencian and Sicilian Royalty
House of Trastámara

Ferdinand I Children include    Alfonso (future Alfonso V of Aragon, III of Valencia and I of Sicily and Naples)    John (future John II of Aragon, Valencia and Navarre and I of Sicily)    Eleanor, Queen of Portugal Alfonso V (III of Valencia and I of Sicily and Naples)    Ferdinand I of Naples (natural son) John II (I of Sicily and II of Navarre) Children include    Eleanor, Queen of Navarre    Ferdinand (future Ferdinand II of Aragon, Valencia and Sicily, III of Naples, IV of Castile and V of Leon)    Blanca    Joan, Queen of Naples    Charles IV of Navarre Ferdinand II (III of Naples, IV of Castile and V of Leon) Children include    Isabella, Queen of Portugal    Joan, Queen of Castile    Juan, Prince of Asturias    Mary, Queen of Portugal    Catherine, Queen of England Grandchildren include    Miguel da Paz, Crown Prince of Portugal and Spain    Charles (future Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire)

John II the Great (June 29, 1397 – January 20, 1479) was the King of Aragon (1458–1479) and jure uxoris King of Navarre (1425–1479). He was the son of Ferdinand I and his wife Eleanor of Alburquerque. John is regarded as one of the most memorable and most unscrupulous kings of the 15th century.

In his youth he was one of the infantes (princes) of Aragon who took part in the dissensions of Castile during the minority and reign of John II. Till middle life he was also lieutenant-general in Aragon for his brother and predecessor Alfonso V, whose reign was mainly spent in Italy. In his old age he was engaged in incessant conflicts with his Aragonese and Catalan subjects, with Louis XI of France, and in preparing the way for the marriage of his son Ferdinand with Isabella I of Castile which brought about the union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile, that was to create the Kingdom of Spain. His trouble with his subjects were closely connected with the tragic dissension in his own family.

John was first married to the Blanche I of Navarre of the house of Évreux. By right of Blanche he became king of Navarre, and on her death in 1441 he was left in possession of the kingdom for his lifetime. But a son, Charles, given the title "Prince of Viana" as heir of Navarre, had been born of the marriage. John quickly came to regard his son with jealousy. After his second marriage, to Juana Enríquez, this grew into absolute hatred and was encouraged by Juana. John tried to deprive his son of his constitutional right to act as lieutenant-general of Aragon during his father's absence. Charles's cause was taken up by the Aragonese, and the king's attempt to make his second wife lieutenant-general was set aside.

There followed a long conflict, with alternations of success and defeat, ending only with the death of the prince of Viana, perhaps by poison given him by his stepmother, in 1461. The Catalans, who had adopted the cause of Charles and who had grievances of their own, called in a succession of foreign pretenders. King John spent his last years contending with these. He was forced to pawn Roussillon, his possession on the north-east of the Pyrenees, to King Louis XI of France, who refused to part with it.

In his old age John was blinded by cataracts, but recovered his eyesight by the operation of couching conducted by his physician Abiathar Crescas, a Jew. The Catalan revolt was pacified in 1472, but John carried on a war, in which he was generally unfortunate, with his neighbour the French king till his death in 1479. He was succeeded by Ferdinand, his son by his second marriage, who was already associated with his wife Isabella as joint sovereign of Castile.

[edit] Ancestors

16. Alfonso XI of Castile (= 12)

8. Henry II of Castile

17. Eleanor of Guzman (= 13)

4. John I of Castile

18. Juan Manuel, Duke of Peñafiel

9. Juana Manuel of Castile

19. Blanca de La Cerda y Lara

2. Ferdinand I of Aragon

20. Alfonso IV of Aragon

10. Peter IV of Aragon

21. Teresa d'Entença

5. Eleanor of Aragon

22. Peter II of Sicily

11. Eleanor of Sicily

23. Elisabeth of Carinthia

1. John II of Aragon

24. Ferdinand IV of Castile

12. Alfonso XI of Castile

25. Constance of Portugal

6. Sancho of Alburquerque

26. Pedro Núñez de Guzmán

13. Eleanor of Guzman

27. Juana Ponce de León

3. Eleanor of Alburquerque

28. Afonso IV of Portugal

14. Peter I of Portugal

29. Beatrice of Castile

7. Infanta Beatriz of Portugal

30. Pedro Fernandez de Castro

15. Inês de Castro

31. Aldonça Lourenço de Valadares

[edit] Children

From his first marriage to Blanche of Navarre:

• Carlos of Viana (1421-1461)
• Juana of Aragon (1423-1425)
• Blanca of Navarre (1420-1464) married Henry IV of Castile. The marriage was never consummated. After 13 years of marriage, Henry sought and obtained a divorce. Blanca was sent home, where her family imprisoned her, and she was later killed by poison.
• Eleanor, Queen of Navarre

From his second marriage to Juana Enríquez:

• Fernando II of Aragon
• Infanta Juana of Aragon (1454-1517). Married Ferdinand I of Naples.

[edit] Sources

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Rivadeneyra. "Cronicas de los reyes de Castilla," Biblioteca de autores espanoles, vols. Ixvi, Ixviii. Madrid, 1845.
• Zurita, G. Anales de Aragon. Saragossa, 1610.
• Prescott W. H. History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. 1854.

Preceded by Eleanor of Castile	King of Navarre by Marriage with Blanche I 1425–1441	Succeeded by Agnes of Cleves
Preceded by Blanche I	King of Navarre De Facto Withholding the crown from Charles IV and Blanche II 1441–1479	Succeeded by Eleanor
Preceded by Alfonso V	King of Aragon, Sicily and Valencia Count of Barcelona 1458–1479	Succeeded by Ferdinand II