John Houstoun
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John Houstoun (August 31, 1744 – July 20, 1796) was an American lawyer and statesman from Savannah, Georgia. He was a delegate for Georgia in the Continental Congress in 1775. He was twice Governor of Georgia, in 1778, and again in 1784-1785.
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[edit] Personal life
John was born to Scots immigrants in St. George's Parish, near modern Waynesboro, Georgia. His parents were Sir Patrick (baronet) and Priscilla (Dunbar) Houstoun. His father served as the registrar of land grants for the Georgia Colony and the collector of quitrents (a permanent annual tax on each grant). John was educated in Savannah and read law there. He was admitted to the bar and started a law practice in Savannah.
Houstoun married Hannah Bryan, whose father, Jonathan, was a wealthy Savannah merchant, they built their home, White Bluff, about nine miles (14 km) northwest of Savannah. The couple had no children.
[edit] Revolutionary years
Houstoun was a successful lawyer, and was appointed to the Governor's Council by James Wright. But in 1774, Houston was one of the founders of the nascent revolutionary government in Georgia. He joined with Archibald Bulloch and others to form a Committee of Correspondence in support of the residents of Boston suffering the effects of the Boston Port Act. The committee went on to create formal protests against other measures brought about by the Intolerable Acts.
That same year, John was a representative in the rebel Provincial Congress of Georgia, and they named him as a delegate to the First Continental Congress. He declined, since fewer than half the counties were represented in the Provincial Congress. By 1775 this defect was remedied and he accepted that appointment. In Congress, he was a strong supporter of the movement toward independence, but resisted the non-importation agreements because of their negative effects on the southern colonies.
He was reappointed to the national congress in 1776, but did not attend. He stayed at home to work with the Committee of Safety to thwart the loyalist efforts of the popular preacher and loyalist, John Zubly. Early in 1778, he was elected as the second revolutionary Governor of Georgia also being the first governor of Georgia to be born in Georgia. That same year, he took charge of the Georgia militia in an abortive attempt to seize the British post of St. Augustine, Florida. His disagreements with the Continental Army commander, Robert Howe, contributed greatly to the failure of the expedition. When the British, in response, captured Savannah on December 29, Houston was forced into hiding.
[edit] Later career
After the surrender at Yorktown, the British abandoned Savannah in 1782. Houstoun returned home, and was elected to another one year term as governor in 1784. In 1790 he became the first elected Mayor of Savannah, and in 1791 was appointed a justice of the Superior Court of Georgia. After 1792 he served as president of the Chatham Academy.
John died at his home, White Bluff, just outside Savannah on July 20, 1796. Houston County in central Georgia, and the Houston Streets in Atlanta, Georgia and New York City are named in his honor.
Trivia: John Houstoun pronounced his name "House-ton". While the county and streets noted above are named for him and pronounced the way he did, because of the spelling error the residents of Houston County and of Atlanta and New York are constantly having to correct the pronunciation of "outsiders" who are unfamiliar with them and assume them to be pronounced the same way as the name of a certain city in Texas.
[edit] External links
[edit] Further reading
- Edith Duncan Johnston; "The Houstouns of Georgia"; 1950, University of Georgia Press
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by John A. Treutlen |
Governor of Georgia 1778–1779 |
Succeeded by John Wereat |
| Preceded by Lyman Hall |
Governor of Georgia 1784–1785 |
Succeeded by Samuel Elbert |
| Preceded by City incorporated in 1789-90 |
Mayor of Savannah 1790-1791 |
Succeeded by Thomas Gibbons |
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