Japanese battleship Asahi
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 Japanese battleship Asahi in 1905 |
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| Career (Japan) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Asahi |
| Ordered: | FY 1896 |
| Builder: | John Brown & Company, UK |
| Laid down: | 1 August 1897 |
| Launched: | 13 March 1899 |
| Commissioned: | 28 April 1900 |
| Struck: | 25 May 1942 |
| Fate: | Torpedoed 25 May 1942 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 15,200 tons (initial) |
| Length: | 129.62 metres (425 ft) |
| Beam: | 22.92 metres (75 ft) |
| Draught: | 8.31 metres (27 ft) |
| Propulsion: | Two Shaft Reciprocating VTE steam engine, 25 Belleville boilers, 15,000 shp (11200 kW); 4 Kampon boilers after 1927 refit. |
| Range: | 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km) @ 10 knots (19 km/h) |
| Complement: | 836 |
| Armament: |
(removed in 1923)
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| Armour: |
(removed in 1923)
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The Asahi (朝日(戦艦) Asahi (senkan)?) was a pre-dreadnought battleship in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Built at the same time as the Shikishima-class battleships, and with virtually identical specifications, it is regarded as the second vessel in that class by a number of authors. However, the Shikishima-class vessels had three smokestacks, whereas Asahi had only two, thus giving her a distinctive silhouette, and more closely resembled the British Royal Navy's Formidable class battleship. The name Asahi means rising sun, which by extension is a metaphor for Japan.
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[edit] Construction
Asahi was laid down in Glasgow, Scotland by Clydebank Engineering & Shipbuilding Company, and completed by John Brown & Company. Upon her launch, she was the heaviest battleship yet built on the Clyde. Her delivery in 1900 was delayed when the vessel ran aground as she left for Japan. Stores and ammunition were removed, the ship pulled clear, and after an inspection in drydock she proceeded to Japan, arriving at Yokosuka on 23 October 1900. [1]
[edit] Operational History
Asahi was very active in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, starting with the Battle of Port Arthur, and subsequent naval blockade. The Asahi participated in the Battle of the Yellow Sea (where she took one hit), and she struck a floating mine on 26 October 1904; repairs were completed in time for the Battle of Tsushima where she took nine hits, which killed eight and wounded 23 crewmen. During the Battle of Tsushima, Captain W. C. Pakenham, the Royal Navy's official military observer under the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, took notes of the battle's progress from a deck chair on the exposed quarterdeck of the Asahi. His reports confirmed the superiority of Japanese training and tactics and publicized the historic victory within Western naval circles. [2]
In 1908, Asahi was part of the Japanese fleet which escorted the American Great White Fleet through Japanese waters during its round-the-globe voyage. In 1914, the Asahi became a gunnery training ship, and in 1917, she was re-armed, with Japanese guns replacing her original British-made guns.
[edit] Various roles in interwar years
Although rendered obsolete by the development of the Dreadnought class battleships, Asahi was used as a support vessel, to cover the landings of Japanese troops in Russia during Japan's Siberian Intervention.
Reclassified as a 1st-class Coastal defence ship in 1921, she served as a combatant until 1923, when, under the terms of the Washington Naval Agreement, Asahi was disarmed and converted into a training ship. Her displacement dropped to 11,441 tons with the loss of her armor and guns, and her speed was limited to 12 knots (22 km/h). In May 1925 Asahi ran aground off Toba, and after refloating was taken back to Yokosuka for extensive modifications.
From 1926 to October 1927 Asahi's 25 Belleville boilers were replaced with four Kanpon boilers. One of her two funnels was also removed, and a large crane was installed. Asahi was converted into a submarine salvage ship and also conducted experiments as Japan's first submarine rescue vessel using the old German submarine 0-1 (ex-U-125). [3]
In May 1928 in the capacity of an experimental test bed, the Asahi was fitted with a 19-meter compressed-air Type No. 1 aircraft catapult and successfully launched a Nakajima E2N1 Type 15 seaplane. Later, after repeated accidents, the compressed-air catapult was discarded in favor of a gunpowder-propelled one. On the completion of testing, Asahi was placed in the Naval Reserve.
However, in November 1937, after the Shanghai Incident starting the Second Sino-Japanese War, Asahi was taken out of reserves, as was used as a transport to land troops in an amphibious operation at Hangzhou Bay.
[edit] As a submarine tender
Asahi lived a 7th life as a submarine tender from 1937, providing repair services, supplies, and served as a floating barracks, until 1938, when the old vessel was once again taken in hand for conversion once again. Heavy lifting frames were installed on either side amidships, along with machine shops and repair facilities. She began her 8th career as a repair vessel on 18 December 1938. Asahi was also fitted with dummy wooden main battery fore and aft to resemble an old battleship and was assigned to "patrols" out of Shanghai from 29 May – 7 November 1940. [4]
From 15 November 1940 Asahi was assigned to the Combined Fleet and used as a transport, shuttling between Camranh Bay, Indochina and Kure.
From April 1942, Asahi was stationed at Singapore, and performed repairs in on the light cruiser Naka that had been torpedoed by the USS Seawolf off Christmas Island. Departing Singapore for Kure on 22 May, the Asahi was sighted by the USS Salmon on 25 May 1942, 100 miles (160 km) SW of Cape Paderas. Asahi was torpedoed in a night attack and was hit in her port central boiler room and aft spaces by two of the four torpedoes fired. At 0103, moments after being hit, Asahi capsized at . Sixteen crewmen were killed, but Captain Tamura and 582 crewmen survived. [5]
[edit] List of commanders
| Date Took Command | Commanding Officer |
|---|---|
| 13 March 1899 | Captain Kamimura Hikonojo (Chief Equipment Officer) |
| 29 September 1899 | Captain Misu Sotaro (Chief Equipment Officer) |
| 12 January 1900 | Captain Misu Sotaro |
| 3 July 1901 | Captain Hashimoto Masaaki |
| 25 May 1902 | Captain Ogura Byoichiro |
| 21 November 1903 | Captain Yamada Hikohachi |
| 6 June 1904 | Captain Nomoto Tsunaakira |
| 12 December 1905 | Captain Takeuchi Heitaro |
| 10 May 1906 | Captain Takigawa Tomokazu |
| 22 November 1906 | Captain Tsuchiya Tamotsu |
| 28 September 1907 | Captain Miyaji Sadatoki |
| 7 April 1907 | Captain Mori Yoshitaro |
| 15 September 1908 | Captain Ishida Ichiro |
| 20 November 1908 | Captain Ushida Juzaburo |
| 1 December 1910 | Captain Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu |
| 1 December 1912 | Captain Machida Komajiro |
| 1 December 1913 | Captain Asano Masayasu |
| 1 December 1914 | Captain Arakawa Chugo |
| 1 December 1916 | Captain Masuda Takayori |
| 1 December 1917 | Captain Osumi Mineo |
| 4 December 1918 | Captain Shimanouchi Kanta |
| 25 March 1919 | Captain Furukawa Hiroshi |
| 10 June 1919 | Captain Koyama Takeshi |
| 1 December 1919 | Captain Takemitsu Kazu |
| 20 November 1920 | Captain Ueda Kichiji |
| 10 November 1922 | Captain Mori Hatsuji |
| 16 June 1924 | Captain Tokuda Inosuke |
| 20 October 1924 | Captain Ota Shichihei |
| 15 July 1925 | Captain Sugiura Masao |
| 1 December 1931 | Captain Fujimori Seiichiro |
| 10 May 1932 | Captain Sakura Takeo |
| 22 October 1934 | Captain Okamura Masao |
| 15 November 1935 | Captain Tonomura Senzaburo |
| 16 August 1937 | Captain Kato Nitaro |
| 8 January 1938 | Captain Hiraoka Kumeichi |
| 5 December 1938 | Captain Hatakeyama Koichiro |
| 15 November 1939 | Captain Matsuyama Mitsuharu |
| 15 November 1940 | Captain Morino Sorokuro |
| 13 September 1941 | Captain Tamura Ryukichi |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Andidora, Ronald (2000). Iron Admirals: Naval Leadership in the Twentieth Century. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31266-4.
- Brown, D. K. (1999). Warrior to Dreadnought, Warship Development 1860-1906. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-84067-529-2.
- Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870211927.
- Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN: 0689114028.
- Jane, Fred T. The Imperial Japanese Navy. Thacker, Spink & Co (1904) ASIN: B00085LCZ4
- Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 087021893X.
- Schencking, J. Charles (2005). Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, And The Emergence Of The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868-1922. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804749779.
[edit] External links
[edit] Notes
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