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James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
29 April 1665–16 November 1745
Image:Jamesbutler.jpg
James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
Place of birth Dublin, Ireland, Kingdom of Great Britain
Allegiance Kingdom of Great Britain
Service/branch British Army
Rank General
Battles/wars Battle of the Boyne
Battle of Cádiz
Battle of Vigo Bay
Jacobite rebellion
Awards KG, KT

James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde KG, KT (April 29, 1665 – November 16, 1745), Irish statesman and soldier, son of Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory and his wife Emilia von Nassau, Countess of Ossory, and grandson of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, was born in Dublin and was educated in France and afterwards at Christ Church, Oxford. On the death of his father in 1680 he became Earl of Ossory by courtesy. He obtained command of a cavalry regiment in Ireland in 1684, and having received an appointment at court on the accession of James II, he served against the Duke of Monmouth (1685).

Having succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Ormonde in 1688, he joined William of Orange, by whom he was made colonel of a regiment of horse-guards, which he commanded at the Battle of the Boyne. In 1691 he served on the continent under William, and after the accession of Queen Anne he became commander of the land forces co-operating with Sir George Rooke in Spain, where he fought in the Battle of Cádiz and the Battle of Vigo Bay. Having been made a Privy Councillor, Ormonde succeeded Rochester as Viceroy of Ireland in 1703, a post which he held till 1707.

On the dismissal of the Duke of Marlborough in 1711, Ormonde was appointed Captain-General in his place, and allowed himself to be made the tool of the Tory ministry, whose policy was to carry on the war in the Netherlands while giving secret orders to Ormonde to take no active part in supporting their allies under Prince Eugene of Savoy.

Ormonde’s position as Captain-General made him a personage of much importance in the crisis brought about by the death of Queen Anne. Though he had supported the Glorious Revolution of 1688, he had traditional Tory sympathies, and politically followed Lord Bolingbroke. During the last years of Queen Anne, Ormonde almost certainly had Jacobite leanings, and corresponded with his cousin, Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye, who commanded a Jacobite regiment, and James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick. He joined Bolingbroke and Oxford, however, in signing the proclamation of King George I, by whom he was nevertheless deprived of the captain-generalship.

In June 1715 he was impeached, and fled to France, where he for some time resided with Bolingbroke, and in 1716 his immense estates were confiscated to the crown by act of parliament, though by a subsequent act his brother, Charles Butler, Earl of Arran, was enabled to repurchase them.

After taking part in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715, Ormonde settled in Spain, where he was in favour at court and enjoyed a pension from the crown. He even took part in a Spanish plan to invade England and put James Francis Edward Stuart on the British throne in 1719, but his fleet was disbanded by a storm near Galicia. Towards the end of his life he resided much at Avignon, where he was seen in 1733 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Ormonde died on 16 November 1745, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

With little of his grandfather’s ability, and inferior to him in elevation of character, Ormonde was nevertheless one of the great figures of his time. Handsome, dignified, magnanimous and open-handed, and free from the meanness, treachery and venality of many of his leading contemporaries, he enjoyed a popularity which, with greater stability of purpose, might have enabled him to exercise a more commanding influence over events.

He was married to Lady Mary Somerset, Lady of the Bedchamber, daughter of Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort and Mary Capel.

He served as the eighth Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin between 1688 and 1715. His father was the sixth Chancellor.

Political offices
Preceded by
The Earl of Rochester
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
1703–1707
Succeeded by
The Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery
Preceded by
The Earl of Wharton
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
1710–1713
Succeeded by
The Duke of Shrewsbury
Preceded by
The Earl of Dorset
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
1712–1715
Succeeded by
The Earl of Leicester
Honorary titles
Vacant
Title last held by
The Duke of Grafton
Lord High Constable of England
1689
Vacant
Title next held by
The Duke of Bedford
Preceded by
The Marquess of Carmarthen
The Earl of Devonshire
The Earl of Dorset
Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
1691–1714
Succeeded by
The Earl of Orrery
Preceded by
The Viscount Townshend
Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk
1713–1714
Succeeded by
The Viscount Townshend
Military offices
Preceded by
Regiment raised
Colonel of the Irish Foot Guards
1662–1688
Succeeded by
William Dorrington
Preceded by
The Duke of Northumberland
Colonel of the 2nd Troop, Royal Horse Guards
1689–1711
Succeeded by
The Duke of Northumberland
Preceded by
The Duke of Marlborough
Captain-General
1711–1714
Succeeded by
The Duke of Marlborough
Preceded by
The Duke of Marlborough
Colonel of the Grenadier Guards
1712–1714
Succeeded by
The Duke of Marlborough
Vacant
Title last held by
Duke of Marlborough
Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
1711–1714
Vacant
Title next held by
The Earl of Stair
Academic offices
Preceded by
The Duke of Ormonde
Chancellor of the University of Oxford
1688-1715
Succeeded by
Earl of Arran
Peerage of England
Preceded by
James Butler
Duke of Ormonde
1688–1715
Forfeit
Preceded by
Thomas Butler
Baron Butler
1680–1715
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by
Elizabeth Butler
Lord Dingwall
1684–1715
Forfeit
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by
James Butler
Duke of Ormonde
1688–1745
Succeeded by
Charles Butler

Languages


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