Portal:Indian independence movement
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The Indian independence struggle incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. It involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between 1857 and India's emergence as a unified nation-state on August 15,1947.
The initial Indian Rebellion of 1857 was sparked when soldiers serving in the British East India Company's British Army mutinied and Indian kingdoms rebelled against the British. |
After the revolt was crushed, the British partitioned the region into British India and the Princely States. They tried to develop a class of educated elites, whose political organizing sought Indian political rights and representation. However, increasing public disenchantment with the British authority — their curtailing of Indian civil liberties (such as the Rowlatt Act), political rights, and culture as well as their avoidance of basic issues facing common Indians and an essential nonacceptance of foreign occupation — led to an upsurge in Revolutionary movement for Indian independence aimed at overthrowing the European colonial powers, particularly the British.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, Hindi: मोहनदास करमचंद गांधी, IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, IPA: [moːhənd̪aːs kərəmtʃənd̪ gaːnd̪ʱiː]) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a major political and spiritual leader of the Indian Independence Movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha — resistance through mass civil disobedience strongly founded upon ahimsa (non-violence) becoming one of the strongest philosophies of freedom struggles worldwide. Gandhi is commonly known and spoken of worldwide as Mahatma Gandhi (Hindi: महात्मा, məhatma ; from Sanskrit, mahātmā: Great Soul) and is fondly called Bapu (in Gujarati, Father). Leading the Indian National Congress, Gandhi worked for the alleviation of poverty, the liberation of women, brotherhood, an end to untouchability and caste discrimination and for the economic self-sufficiency of the nation. However, Gandhi's work focused upon the goal of Swaraj — self-rule for India. Gandhi famously led Indians in the disobedience to the salt tax through the 400 kilometer (248 miles) Dandi March, and in an open call for the British to Quit India in 1942. (more...)
Indian freedom fighter Bhagat Singh, at the age of 21 in jail
- ...that the Indian National Congress, led by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, issued the Declaration of Independence on January 26, 1930?
- ...that Ceylon was part of the Madras Presidency from 1795 until it was made a separate Crown Colony in 1798?
- ...that Subhash Chandra Bose was elected president of the Indian National Congress for two consecutive terms?
- ...that Sir Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar was regarded as the "leading Hindu reformer of western India"?
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- The Indian Rebellion of 1857, (Hindi: १८५७ का प्रथम भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता सन्ग्राम) also known as the First War of Indian Independence, the Sepoy Rebellion and the Indian Mutiny was a prolonged period of armed uprisings in different parts of India against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent.
- Non-Cooperation Movement:- the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of nonviolent resistance, led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
- The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement):- a civil disobedience movement in India launched in August 1942 in response to Mahatma Gandhi's call for immediate independence of India.
