HL60

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The HL-60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia cells) cell line is a leukemic cell line that has been used for laboratory research on how certain kinds of blood cells are formed. HL-60 proliferates continuously in suspension culture in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, HEPES and antibiotic chemicals. The doubling time is about 36-48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia at the National Cancer Institute.^[1] HL-60 cells are predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte (precursor).^[1]

Proliferation of HL-60 cells occurs through the transferrin and insulin receptors, which are expressed on cell surface. The requirement for insulin and transferrin is absolute, as HL-60 proliferation immediately ceases if either of these compounds is removed from the serum-free culture media.^[2] With this line, spontaneous differentiation to mature granulocytes can be induced by compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or retinoic acid. Other compounds like 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and GM-CSF can induce HL-60 to differentiate to monocytic, macrophage-like and eosinophil phenotypes, respectively.

The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process. HL-60 cell model was used to study the effect of DNA topoisomerase (topo) IIα and IIβ on differentiation and apoptosis of cells^[3] and is especially useful in dielectrophoresis studies,^[4] which require an aqueous environment with suspended and round cells.

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} Gallagher R, Collins S, Trujillo J, et al (1979). "Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia". Blood 54 (3): 713–33. PMID 288488. 
2. ^ Breitman, T, S. Collins, B. Keene, 1980. “Replacement of serum by insulin and transferrin supports growth and differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60”. Exp. Cell Res., 126, 494-498.
3. ^ Sugimoto, K, K. Yamada, M. Egashira, Y. yazaki, H. Hirai, A. Kikuchi and K. Oshimi, 1998. “Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters During Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells”. Blood, 91:4, 1407-1417.
4. ^ Ratanachoo, K., Gascoyne, P.R.C. and Ruchirawat, M. 2002. Detection of cellular responses to toxicants by dielectrophoresis. BBA. 1564, 449-458