Historical rankings of British Prime Ministers
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Although many surveys have been conducted in order to construct rankings of the success of individuals who have served as President of the United States, until the late 1990s few had been done for Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom. Two polls in 1999 and 2000 were done by BBC Radio 4 and the British Politics Group; both only consulted a relatively small number of experts. A wider reaching poll was conducted in 2004 by the University of Leeds and Ipsos MORI. It should be noted that all the polls are for 20th Century Prime Ministers with no rankings for the other 31 persons to hold the office of Prime Minister.
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[edit] Mori/Leeds University survey
In 2004, the University of Leeds and Ipsos Mori conducted an online survey of 258 academics who specialised in 20th century British history and/or politics. There were 139 replies to the survey, a return rate of 54% - by far the most extensive survey done so far. The respondents were asked to rate all the 20th century British Prime Ministers in terms of their success and asking them to assess the key characteristics of successful PMs.
Respondents were asked to indicate on a scale of 0 to 10 how successful or unsuccessful they considered each PM to have been in office (with 0 being highly unsuccessful and 10 highly successful). A mean of the scores could then be calculated and a league table based on the mean scores.[1]
Liberal Prime Ministers were judged on average to have been the most successful, scoring a mean of 6.2. Labour PMs averaged 5.8 and Conservative PMs 4.8.
[edit] Prime Ministers by average scholar rank
| # | Prime Minister | Years in Office | Political party | Mean Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Clement Attlee | 1945-1951 | Labour | 8.3 |
| 2 | Winston Churchill | 1940-1945, 1951-1955 | Conservative | 7.9 |
| 3 | David Lloyd George | 1916-1922 | Liberal | 7.3 |
| 4 | Margaret Thatcher | 1979-1990 | Conservative | 7.1 |
| 5 | Harold Macmillan | 1957-1963 | Conservative | 6.5 |
| 6 | Tony Blair | 1997-2007 | Labour | 6.3 |
| 7 | Herbert Asquith | 1908-1916 | Liberal | 6.2 |
| 8 | Stanley Baldwin | 1923-1924, 1924-1929, 1935-1937 | Conservative | 6.2 |
| 9 | Harold Wilson | 1964-1970, 1974-1976 | Labour | 5.9 |
| 10 | Lord Salisbury | 1895-1902 | Conservative | 5.8 |
| 11 | Henry Campbell-Bannerman | 1905-1908 | Liberal | 5.0 |
| 12 | James Callaghan | 1976-1979 | Labour | 4.8 |
| 13 | Edward Heath | 1970-1974 | Conservative | 4.4 |
| 14 | Ramsay MacDonald | 1924, 1929-1931, 1931-1935 | Labour | 3.7 |
| 15 | John Major | 1990-1997 | Conservative | 3.7 |
| 16 | Andrew Bonar Law | 1922-1923 | Conservative | 3.5 |
| 17 | Neville Chamberlain | 1937-1940 | Conservative | 3.4 |
| 18 | Arthur Balfour | 1902-1905 | Conservative | 3.4 |
| 19 | Alec Douglas-Home | 1963-1964 | Conservative | 3.3 |
| 20 | Anthony Eden | 1955-1957 | Conservative | 2.5 |
[edit] Previous surveys
[edit] BBC Radio 4 Poll
In December 1999 a BBC Radio 4 poll of 20 prominent historians, politicians and commentators for The Westminster Hour produced the verdict that Churchill was the best British Prime Minister of the 20th century, with Lloyd George in second place and Clement Attlee in third place. As Blair was still in office he was not ranked. The worst PM in that survey was judged to be Anthony Eden.[2]
- Churchill (Con)
- Lloyd George (Lib)
- Attlee (Lab)
- Asquith (Lib)
- Thatcher (Con)
- Macmillan (Con)
- Salisbury (Con)
- Baldwin (Con)
- Campbell-Bannerman (Lib)
- Wilson (Lab)
- Heath (Con)
- Callaghan (Lab)
- Bonar Law (Con)
- MacDonald (Lab)
- Douglas-Home (Con)
- Balfour (Con)
- Major (Con)
- Chamberlain (Con)
- Eden (Con)
[edit] British Politics Group Poll
In 2000 the British Politics Group, a network of UK and American scholars of British politics, ran another poll which received only 22 responses, with the top three ranked in order as Churchill, Attlee and Lloyd George. Again as Blair was still in office he was not ranked.[3]
- Churchill (Con)
- Attlee (Lab)
- Lloyd George(Lib)
- Thatcher (Con)
- Macmillan (Con)
- Asquith (Lib)
- Wilson (Lab)
- Salisbury (Con)
- Heath (Con)
- Baldwin (Con)
- MacDonald (Lab)
- Callaghan (Lab)
- Campbell-Bannerman (Lib)
- Chamberlain (Con)
- Balfour (Con)
- Major (Con)
- Douglas-Home (Con)
- Bonar Law (Con)
- Eden (Con)
[edit] Popular opinion
In a BBC poll to find the 100 Greatest Britons in 2002, five Prime Ministers were ranked in the top 100. Winston Churchill was voted greatest Briton, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington was in 15th place, (though not featured in contemporary polls as he was a 19th century politician), Margaret Thatcher was in 16th place, Tony Blair was 67th and David Lloyd George was 79th. [4]
The BBC television programme The Daily Politics asked viewers in 2007 to select their favourite Prime Minister. Margaret Thatcher topped the list with 49% of the vote, with Clement Attlee coming second with 32%.[5]
[edit] BBC History Magazine list
Historian Francis Beckett ranked the 20th century Prime Ministers with points out of five in 2006, based on how well the leaders implemented their policies - not on the policies themselves. Margaret Thatcher and Clement Attlee shared the highest ranking.[6]
5: Margaret Thatcher
5: Clement Attlee
4: Edward Heath
4: Winston Churchill
4: Harold Macmillan
4: Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
3: Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil
3: Herbert Henry Asquith
3: David Lloyd George
3: Stanley Baldwin
3: James Harold Wilson
3: Tony Blair
2: James Callaghan
2: Arthur James Balfour
1: Andrew Bonar Law
1: James Ramsay MacDonald
1: Sir Alec Douglas-Home
1: John Major
0: Robert Anthony Eden
0: Neville Chamberlain
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Rating British Prime Ministers Ipsos MORI, accessed November 29, 2004
- ^ Churchill, 'Greatest' PM of 20th Century BBC Politics, accessed January 4, 2000
- ^ Rating British Prime Ministers Ipsos MORI, accessed 29 November 2004
- ^ 100 Great Britons BBC History, accessed 23 May 2007
- ^ Your Favourite Prime Minister, 13 June 2007.
- ^ Thatcher and Attlee top PM list, BBC News website, 29 August 2006.
