Harvey Fletcher
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Harvey Fletcher | ||
[[Image:
|
||
| Born | 11 September 1884 Provo, Utah, USA |
|
|---|---|---|
| Died | July 23, 1981 (aged 96) Provo, Utah, USA |
|
| Nationality | United States | |
| Fields | Physics | |
| Institutions | Western Electric Bell Laboratories Columbia University |
|
| Alma mater | Brigham Young University University of Chicago |
|
| Doctoral advisor | Robert Millikan  |
|
| Known for | Invention of the hearing aid The Father of stereophonic sound |
|
| Notable awards | Presidential Citation ASA Gold Medal |
|
| Religious stance | Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | |
Harvey Fletcher (September 11, 1884 – July 23, 1981) was an American physicist. He is credited with the invention of the hearing aid and the audiometer. He is remembered as a trail-blazing investigator into the nature of speech and hearing, and for his numerous contributions in acoustics, electrical engineering, speech, medicine, music, atomic physics, sound pictures, and education.
Fletcher was born in Provo, Utah and was educated at Brigham Young University (BYU). As a graduate student, his dissertation research was on methods to determine the charge of an electron. This included the now famous oil drop experiment commonly attributed to his advisor and collaborator, Robert Millikan. Professor Millikan took sole credit, in return for Fletcher claiming full authorship on a related result for his dissertation.[1] Millikan went on to win the 1923 Nobel Prize for Physics, in part for this work, and Fletcher kept the agreement a secret until his death.[2]
Among the work that he is best known for are Fletcher's contributions to the theory of speech perception. He showed that speech features are usually spread over a wide frequency range, and developed the articulation index to approximately quantify the quality of a speech channel.[3] He also developed the concepts of, equal-loudness contours, loudness scaling and summation, and the critical band.[4]
Dr. Fletcher was elected an honorary member of Acoustical Society of America, an honor which was shared by only one other man—Thomas Edison.[5] He was president of the American Society for Hard of Hearing, an honorary member of the American Otological Society and an honorary member of the Audio Engineering Society. In 1924 he was awarded the Louis E. Levy Medal for physical measurements of audition by the Franklin Institute. He was President of the American Physical Society which is the leading Physics society in America. In 1937 he was elected vice-president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was also a member of the National Hearing Division Committee of Medical Sciences. He was given the Progress Medal Award by the American Academy of Motion Pictures, in Hollywood. For eight years he acted as National Councilor for the Ohio State University Research Foundation.
Fletcher was the Founding Dean of the BYU College of Engineering (now the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology).
He died on July 23, 1981, after a stroke.
[edit] References
- ^ David Goodstein (Jan-Feb 2001). "In the Case of Robert Andrews Millikan". American Scientist: 54-60.
- ^ Harvey Fletcher (June, 1982). "My Work with Millikan on the Oil-drop Experiment". Physics Today.
- ^ Jont B. Allen (2005). Articulation And Intelligibility. Morgan & Claypool. ISBN 1598290088.
- ^ William Morris Hartmann (1997). Signals, Sound, and Sensation. Springer. ISBN 1563962837.
- ^ Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (1949). Bell Laboratories Record Vol. 27–28 1949–50.
[edit] External links
- "In Memory of Harvey Fletcher" - a brief biography and collection of links
- Department of Communication Disorders at BYU - Audiology department at BYU
