Greater Berlin Act
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The Greater Berlin Act (German: Groß-Berlin-Gesetz) of 1920, in full the Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin (German: Gesetz über die Bildung einer neuen Stadtgemeinde Berlin), was a law passed by the Prussian government that led to the formation of the separate Prussian administrative region of Berlin.
The act was passed in the Prussian parliament on 27 April 1920 and came into effect on 1 October of the same year. The region then termed Greater Berlin broke away from the Province of Brandenburg and consisted of the following:
- The city of Berlin (Alt-Berlin);
- 7 towns that surrounded Berlin: Charlottenburg, Köpenick, Lichtenberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Spandau and Wilmersdorf;
- 59 rural communities and 27 estate districts from the surrounding districts of Niederbarnim, Osthavelland and Teltow;
- and the grounds of the Berliner Stadtschloss which curiously, until this point, formed an estate district in its own right.
The act increased the area of Berlin 13-fold from 66km² (25.5 sq mi) to 883km² (341 sq mi) and the population doubled from approximately 1.9 million to near 4 million, with almost 1.2 million of these new inhabitants coming from the 7 surrounding towns alone.
Greater Berlin was then sub-divided into 20 boroughs (Verwaltungsbezirke):
- from Alt-Berlin: Mitte, Tiergarten, Wedding, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain;
- one borough for each of the 7 previously-independent towns: Charlottenburg, Köpenick, Lichtenberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Spandau and Wilmersdorf;
- 7 new boroughs created from the remaining added areas, each named after the largest village in the area at the time: Pankow, Reinickendorf, Steglitz, Tempelhof, Treptow, Weißensee and Zehlendorf
Through this law, it became possible to implement integrated town planning across the whole of Greater Berlin. With this, the act was an important foundation for the rise of Berlin to a cultural centre of Europe in the 1920s.
Apart from minor changes, the city boundary defined in the law is still the same as today, even though its character changed several times over the years. Originally a mere municipal boundary, it became demarcation line between occupation zones after 1945, a part of the Iron Curtain after 1949 with the Berlin Wall on some of its length between 1961 and 1990. Since the Reunification of Germany it is the border between the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg.
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