Glastonbury chair

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Glastonbury chair is a 19th century term for an earlier wooden folding^{[citation needed]} chair, usually of oak, possibly based on a chair made for the last Abbot of Glastonbury, England. The Glastonbury chair was known to exist since the Early Middle Ages, but seems to have disappeared from use in part of the Later Middle Ages;^[1] it re-emerged in use in Italy by the 15th century AD. It was devised for use in churches before pews became common.^{[citation needed]}

The original Glastonbury chair, in the Bishop's Palace, Wells

It was made originally in Britain from a description brought back from Rome in 1504 by Abbot Bere to Glastonbury Abbey, and was produced for or by John Arthur Thorne, a monk who was the treasurer^[2] and carpenter^{[citation needed]} at the abbey. The result is thought to have been the first domestic chair seen in Britain.^{[citation needed]} Arthur perished on Glastonbury Tor in 1539, hung, drawn and quartered alongside his master, Richard Whiting, the last Abbot of Glastonbury, during the dissolution of the monasteries. The Abbot sat on a Glastonbury chair during his trial at Bishop's Palace, Wells, where one of the two original surviving examples (illustrated) can still be seen, together with other chairs of this age and later reproductions.

The second chair remained in St John's Church in Glastonbury until it found its way by an unknown route into the collection of Horace Walpole's Gothic pile Strawberry Hill in Twickenham, Middlesex. When the contents were sold at the beginning of the century, the then vicar of Glastonbury, the Reverend Lionel Lewis, made an impassioned speech telling the bidders the chair belonged in Glastonbury. Nobody bidding against him, Lewis took the chair back to Glastonbury where it is extant in St John's Church.

A reproduction chair, also in the Bishop's Palace, Wells

Gordon Browning was the last maker of the Glastonbury chair. A consummate worker in wood, he delighted in telling the story of the history of the chair he exported around the world. Browning had lived in Glastonbury for 80 years by the time of his death, with a brief absence during the Second World War, when he was employed making aircraft frames in Bristol. His son Clive said, "When my father was asked if he had lived all his life in Glastonbury, he loved to say - not yet."

The Glastonbury chair design has become popular with reenactors, owing to its simple construction, wide availability of plans^[3], and the opportunity for extensive decorative carving. As a result, there are likely more chairs of this pattern in existence now than there ever were in period.

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^[4]

^[5]

^ Folding chairs: Glastonbury type. Albion works. “Although often referred to as "folding" chairs, these chairs do not actually fold, they dismantle.”
^ Chinnery, Victor (1979). Oak Furniture: The British Tradition. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collector's Club, p220. ISBN 0-902028-61-8.
^ Diehl, Daniel (1997). Constructing Medieval Furniture. ISBN 0811727955.
^ H. O'Neill (1822). Ink drawing of the Glastonbury chair. Bristol: privately drawn for George Weare Braikenridge, reproduced in Chinnery.
^ Shaw, Henry (1836). Specimens of Early Furniture.