George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra

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Alex George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first modern-day arrangement of that taxon. First published in Nuytsia in 1996, it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years; it would later form the basis for George's 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia. In accordance with contemporary thinking, George treated Dryandra as a genus, dividing it into three subgenera, the largest of which was divided into 24 series. The arrangement stood until 2007, when Dryandra was transferred into Banksia as B. ser. Dryandra. No alternative has yet been proposed.

Contents 1 Background 2 George's arrangement 3 References 4 See also 5 External links

[edit] Background

The dryandras are a group of 94 species in the plant family Proteaceae. Endemic to south-west Western Australia, they grow in forms varying from prostrate shrubs to small trees. Dryandra was originally published at genus rank in 1810, and was still considered a genus in the 1990s when George published his infrageneric classification.

[edit] George's arrangement

George's arrangement of Dryandra was first published in his 1996 article "New taxa and a new infragenetic classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)", which was published in Nuytsia 10(3).^[1] This formed the basis for his 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia series, in which he published one new species.^[2] In 2005, he published a further six new taxa.^[3]

George's arrangement remained current until Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred Dryandra into Banksia in 2007. Mast and Thiele were not then ready to tender a new arrangement, so as an interim measure they transferred Dryandra into Banksia at series, thus minimising the nomenclatural disruption of the transfer. Thus George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was set aside.^[4] In effecting the transfer, Mast and Thiele overlooked the six taxa published by George in 2005; these taxa thus retain their original, and now invalid, names.

George's 1999 taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, with 2005 amendments, is as follows:^[2]

Genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)

Subgenus Dryandra

Series Floribundae

D. sessilis (now B. sessilis)

D. s. var. sessilis (now B. s. var. sessilis)

D. s. var. flabellifolia (now B. s. var. flabellifolia)

D. s. var. cordata (now B. s. var. cordata)

D. s. var. cygnorum (now B. s. var. cygnorum)

Series Armatae

D. cuneata (now B. obovata)

D. fuscobractea (now B. fuscobractea)

D. armata (now B. armata)

D. a. var. armata (now B. a. var. armata)

D. a. var. ignicida (now B. a. var. ignicida)

D. prionotes (now B. prionophylla

D. arborea (now B. arborea)

D. hirsuta (now B. hirta)

D. pallida (now B. pallida)

D. purdieana (now B. purdieana)

D. xylothemelia (now B. xylothemelia)

D. cirsioides (now B. cirsioides)

D. acanthopoda (now B. acanthopoda)

D. squarrosa (now B. squarrosa)

D. s. subsp. squarrosa (now B. s. subsp. squarrosa)

D. s. subsp. argillacea (now B. s. subsp. argillacea)

D. hewardiana (now B. hewardiana)

D. wonganensis (now B. wonganensis)

D. trifontinalis (now B. trifontinalis)

D. stricta (now B. strictifolia)

D. echinata (now B. echinata)

D. polycephala (now B. polycephala)

D. subpinnatifida (now B. subpinnatifida)

D. s. var. subpinnatifida (now B. s. var. subpinnatifida)

D. s. var. imberbis (now B. s. var. imberbis)

D. longifolia (now B. prolata)

D. l. subsp. longifolia (now B. p. subsp. prolata)

D. l. subsp. calcicola (now B. p. subsp. calcicola)

D. l. subsp. archeos (now B. p. subsp. archeos)

D. borealis (now B. borealis)

D. b. subsp. borealis (now B. b. subsp. borealis)

D. b. subsp. elatior (now B. b. subsp. elatior)

Series Marginatae

D. pulchella (now B. bella)

Series Folliculosae

D. fraseri (now B. fraseri)

D. f. var. fraseri (now B. f. var. fraseri)

D. f. var. crebra (published in 2005, overlooked by Mast and Thiele in the 2007 transfer into Banksia)

D. f. var. effusa (published in 2005, overlooked by Mast and Thiele in the 2007 transfer into Banksia)

D. f. var. ashbyi (now B. f. var. ashbyi)

D. f. var. oxycedra (now B. f. var. oxycedra)

Series Acrodontae

D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophylla)

D. kippistiana (now B. kippistiana)

D. k. var. kippistiana (now B. k. var. kippistiana)

D. k. var. paenepeccata (now B. k. var. paenepeccata)

D. carlinoides (now B. carlinoides)

D. tridentata (now B. tridentata)

Series Capitellatae

D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides)

D. s. subsp. serratuloides (now B. s. subsp. serratuloides)

D. s. subsp. perissa (now B. s. subsp. perissa)

D. meganotia (now B. meganotia)

Series Ilicinae

D. praemorsa (now B. undata)

D. p. var. praemorsa (now B. u. var. undata)

D. p. var. splendens (now B. u. var. splendens)

D. quercifolia (now B. heliantha)

D. anatona (now B. anatona)

Series Dryandra

D. formosa (now B. formosa)

D. nobilis (now B. nobilis)

D. n. subsp. nobilis (now B. n. subsp. nobilis)

D. n. subsp. fragrans (now B. n. subsp. fragrans)

D. stuposa (now B. stuposa)

Series Foliosae

D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulata)

D. m. subsp. mucronulata (now B. m. subsp. mucronulata)

D. m. subsp. retrorsa (now B. m. subsp. retrorsa)

D. baxteri (now B. biterax)

D. foliosissima (now B. foliosissima)

Series Decurrentes

D. comosa (now B. comosa)

Series Tenuifoliae

D. tenuifolia (now B. tenuis)

D. t. var. tenuifolia (now B. t. var. tenuis)

D. t. var. reptans (now B. t. var. reptans)

D. obtusa (now B. obtusa)

Series Runcinatae

D. ferruginea (now B. rufa)

D. f. subsp. magma (published in 2005, overlooked by Mast and Thiele in the 2007 transfer into Banksia)

D. f. subsp. tutanningensis (now B. r. subsp. tutanningensis)

D. f. subsp. ferruginea (now B. r. subsp. rufa)

D. f. subsp. pumila (now B. r. subsp. pumila)

D. f. subsp. obliquiloba (now B. r. subsp. obliquiloba)

D. f. subsp. chelomacarpa (now B. r. subsp. chelomacarpa)

D. f. subsp. flavescens (now B. r. subsp. flavescens)

D. corvijuga (now B. corvijuga)

D. epimicta (now B. epimicta)

D. proteoides (now B. proteoides)

Series Triangulares

D. drummondii (now B. drummondii)

D. d. subsp. drummondii (now B. d. subsp. drummondii)

D. d. subsp. hiemalis (now B. d. subsp. hiemalis)

D. d. subsp. macrorufa (now B. d. subsp. macrorufa)

D. octotriginta (now B. octotriginta)

D. catoglypta (now B. catoglypta)

Series Aphragma

D. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifolia)

D. p. subsp. inretita (published in 2005, overlooked by Mast and Thiele in the 2007 transfer into Banksia)

D. p. subsp. pteridifolia (now B. p. subsp. pteridifolia)

D. p. subsp. vernalis (now B. p. subsp. vernalis)

D. fililoba (now B. fililoba)

D. shanklandiorum (now B. shanklandiorum)

D. nervosa (now B. alliacea)

D. blechnifolia (now B. pellaeifolia)

D. porrecta (now B. porrecta)

D. aurantia (now B. aurantia)

D. calophylla (now B. calophylla)

D. lepidorhiza (now B. lepidorhiza)

Series Ionthocarpae

D. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpa)

D. i. subsp. ionthocarpa (now B. i. subsp. ionthocarpa)

D. i. subsp. chrysophoenix (published in 2005, overlooked by Mast and Thiele in the 2007 transfer into Banksia)

Series Inusitatae

D. idiogenes (now B. idiogenes)

Series Subulatae

D. subulata (now B. subulata)

Series Gymnocephalae

D. cynaroides (now B. cynaroides)

D. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephala)

D. e. var. erythrocephala (now B. e. var. erythrocephala)

D. e. var. inopinata (now B. e. var. inopinata)

D. horrida (now B. horrida)

D. vestita (now B. vestita)

D. viscida (now B. viscida)

D. mimica (now B. mimica)

D. speciosa (now B. splendida)

D. s. subsp. speciosa (now B. s. subsp. splendida)

D. s. subsp. macrocarpa (now B. s. subsp. macrocarpa)

D. shuttleworthiana (now B. shuttleworthiana)

Series Plumosae

D. plumosa (now B. plumosa)

D. p. subsp. plumosa (now B. p. subsp. plumosa)

D. p. subsp. denticulata (now B. p. subsp. denticulata)

D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosa)

D. montana (now B. montana)

Series Concinnae

D. concinna (now B. concinna)

D. serra (now B. serra)

D. foliolata (now B. foliolata)

Series Obvallatae

D. fasciculata (now B. fasciculata)

D. conferta (now B. densa)

D. c. var. conferta (now B. d. var. densa)

D. c. var. parva (now B. d. var. parva)

D. columnaris (now B. columnaris)

D. platycarpa (now B. platycarpa)

D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifolia)

D. rufistylis (now B. rufistylis)

D. insulanemorecincta (now B. insulanemorecincta)

Series Pectinatae

D. nana (now B. nana)

Series Acuminatae

D. priesii (now B. acuminata)

Series Niveae

D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidis)

D. tortifolia (now B. tortifolia)

D. stenoprion (now B. stenoprion)

D. cypholoba (now B. cypholoba)

D. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyi)

D. l. subsp. lindleyana (now B. d. subsp. dallanneyi)

D. l. subsp. pollosta (now B. d. subsp. pollosta)

D. l. subsp. media (now B. d. subsp. media)

D. l. subsp. agricola (now B. d. subsp. agricola)

D. l. subsp. sylvestris (now B. d. subsp. sylvestris)

D. brownii (now B. brunnea)

D. nivea (now B. nivea)

D. n. subsp. nivea (now B. n. subsp. nivea)

D. n. subsp. uliginosa (now B. n. subsp. uliginosa)

Subgenus Hemiclidia

D. falcata (now B. falcata)

D. glauca (now B. glaucifolia)

Subgenus Diplophragma

D. bipinnatifida (now B. bipinnatifida)

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Brown's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
• Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
• Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra

[edit] External links

• Dryandra R.Br.. Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.