Günther Schütz
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Günther Schütz (17 April 1912-1991) was a German citizen who performed a mission for German Intelligence (Abwehr) in World War II, as part of Britain's Double Cross System.
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[edit] Early life
Schütz was born on 17 April 1912 in the Silesian town of Schweidnitz. He was born into a prosperous upper middle class family which owned a metal manufacturing business.
[edit] Military career
He had served in the local army reserve unit during 1934 - 1935 and later attended a five week training course with the 2/58 Mounted Artillery Regiment at Oldenburg in 1938. During 1938 - 1939 Schütz attended the German Commercial College at Eaton Rise, Ealing, in Britain and he also acted for the Abwehr when in the country.
[edit] Abwehr
His selection for Abwehr training took place when on home leave in Christmas 1938, he had been asked to attend the Hamburg Ast. and on arrival had been introduced to Hauptmann Dr. Friedrich Karl Praetorius, the senior officer in the economic section section of Abwehr I. He was asked not to be a spy but to do his 'patriotic duty' and to keep his eyes open. He was expected to send reports on the economic and industrial situation around him to an address in Hamburg. Schütz agreed and returned to Britain as a representative of "Remy & Co."- an Abwehr front company.
Schütz travelled up and down the country taking pictures of factories bringing with him a Portuguese man called Pierce who also shared the building where he lived. Schütz attempted to recruit Pierce and he agreed to work for the Abwehr. However, Pierce also went to MI5 and was asked to act as a double agent called "RAINBOW" with an MI5 handler based in Antwerp. The Abwehr asked Pierce to assess bomb damage from IRA S-Plan attacks, report on internal transportation facilities and British air defenses. Pierce did so but in his capacity as RAINBOW he fed the Abwehr faulty information until June 1943.[1]
Schütz returned to Germany in August 1939 and was immediately activated for military service he was assigned to Abwehrstelle I/Wi. Generalkommando Hamburg- the Hamburg branch dealing with economic espionage. As a cover, Schütz was posted to the 'translator company' or Wehrkries X. From December 1939 he carried out a variety of tasks for Abwehr I/Wi in particular visiting Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland primarily to collect letters from live-letter drops sent by German agents overseas. He was also sent to Spain periodically beginning in June 1940 and during this period he acted as handler for agent Werner Unland. In December 1940 Schütz was recalled to Hamburg and told about a mission to Ireland. His mission would be to collect and send weather information (desired by Abwehr section I-L Air Intelligence), observe British convoy traffic (desired by Abwehr section I-M Naval Intelligence), and conduct economic espionage against selected targets in Northern Ireland. In particular, Abwehr wanted data on the
- condition of harbors,
- the location and capacity of plants producing corn oil, margarine, soap and sugar,
- oil refineries,
- carbide works,
- oil lines and storage tanks,
- shipyard activity,
- bomb damage assessments of Luftwaffe raids,
- and the amount of food being sent from Ireland to Britain.[2]
His mission was dependent on regular radio contact and he received training in the basics of radio transmitting. Gaelic scholar and SS officer Ludwig Mühlhausen also became involved in the orientation of Schütz. He was taught the basics of Morse code, and meteorology, and he was the first agent sent to Ireland that carried the new microdot system. He was given £1000 sterling and $3200 US some of which was counterfeit. In the event of trouble Schütz was to contact the German Legation for assistance. He was also to give some of his money to two Abwehr assets then resident in Ireland, Werner Unland, and Johannes Ernstberger who remained on an Abwehr retainer.
[edit] Mission
Schütz's mission to Ireland was cancelled in July 1940, but rescheduled in September 1940. In further preparation he met with Oscar Pfaus and requested some Irish contact names. This request was denied by the Abwehr who made it clear to Schütz that he was not to contact the IRA for any reason. The first attempt to deposit him in Ireland failed when the He-111 was forced to return to base in Amsterdam on 5 March 1941. One week later however he was successfully parachuted into Ireland. The planned dropzone was Newbridge near Dublin but in actual fact he was dropped 100 miles off near the village of Taghmon, County Wexford. Unfortunately for the Abwehr he was spotted and reported to the Garda Siochana who on inspection of his case, discovered his transmitter, money, microscope and bottle of German cognac. He was placed under arrest. He immediately confessed everything to the police and was taken to Bridewell jail then Arbour Hill prison on 15 March 1941.
During his interrogation by Irish Military Intelligence (G2) he was told about the German agents Wilhelm Preetz and Walter Simon who had also been caught- it was a sign of his unpreparedness that he was entirely unaware of these men. Through the interrogation of Schütz G2 were able to arrest Unland although they had been previously aware of his activities in Dublin.
[edit] Internment, escape & IRA
German Intelligence internee's were held in a number of locations throughout "The Emergency"- Sliog Jail, Arbour Hill Prison, Mountjoy, Bridewell Jail and Custume Barracks Athlone. Although three of them; Görtz, Tributh, and Gärtner (Operation Mainau, and Operation Lobster I respectively) were serving members of the Wehrmacht they were deemed enough of a security threat to separate from the regular population. Schütz however was to make a few efforts in trying to escape from captivity. The first involved digging a tunnel from Mountjoy with the help of internee Dutchman Jan van Loon but it failed after the tunnel filled with water. The second was more successful and involved enlisting the help of the IRA via internee Jim O'Hanlon who gave Schütz his own address and that of several other volunteers. He made his escape attempt on 15 February 1942 and Schütz made it to Joe O'Hanlon's house (father of Jim). From this point on he was sheltered and protected by the IRA. First by O'Hanlon, then Caitlin Brugha in Rathmines. Brugha wanted Schütz to reestablish contact with the Abwehr and facilitate a resupply of arms, ammunition, and money to the IRA.
Through Mrs. Brugha's contacts Schütz met with the representatives of the "Northern Group"- the Belfast IRA who had taken over the organisation following the arrest of Stephen Hayes on charges of treason. The men explained to Schütz that they had a plan, they wanted communications equipment, arms, ammunition, and money to rebuild the IRA. In exchange they would arrange for Schütz to leave Ireland and arrive in occupied France. This arrangements were made directly with the new IRA Adjutant General Eoin McNamee and another IRA member which is presumed to be Seán McCool. The intended skipper of the vessel that was to take Schütz to France was IRA member and Irish Naval Service Captain Charles McGuinness. The planned departure was on 30 April 1942. He was collected and taken to the boar at Bray just south of Dublin but the house where Schütz was staying was raided and Schütz was taken into custody by Irish Special Branch. The irony is that the detectives weren't even looking for Schütz when they raided the property, they were looking for Nóinín Brugha.[3] Schütz was returned to Bridewell and then Arbour Hill and his room, which once housed Eamon de Valera, had a carpet and radio. He sat out the remainder of the war in prison.
[edit] Life after "The Emergency"
Schütz was put on the list for deportation after the war ended, but he married Irish citizen Una Mackey on 1 May 1947, by this time he was on permanent parole and had a flat in Haddington Road, Dublin. He had also begun a small business making desk lamps. He appeared at the aliens office at the same time that Hermann Görtz committed suicide and following this was flown from Baldonnel to Frankfurt. He was taken to a US Army interrogation camp near Oberursel but was released soon after. He and his wife began all over again in Hamburg and he took up his desk lamps business again. He successfully established his own import/export business and eventually moved back to Ireland in the 1960s. For some years he ran a hotel in County Wicklow and eventually retired to his home in Avoca. He died in his sleep in Shankill, County Dublin 1991.
RTE made a dramatised television series on German spies in Ireland ("Caught in a Free State") in 1983. One of the four episodes focused on Günther Schütz (in which he was played by the German actor Goetz Burger).
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ This all took place as part of Britain's Double Cross System.
- ^ These instructions were contained in the newspaper cutting given to him which contained a microdot.
- ^ Both Nóinín and Caitlin Brugha were later arrested and interned as punishment for their activities in the IRA.
[edit] Further Information
- Extensive records exist for Schütz in the Irish Military Academy records.
- Mark M. Hull, Irish Secrets. German Espionage in Wartime Ireland 1939-1945, 2003, ISBN 0716527561
- Enno Stephan, Spies in Ireland, 1963, OCLC 1349261 ASIN B0000CLX8F
- J Bowyer Bell, The Secret Army - The IRA 1997 3rd Edition, ISBN 1-85371-813-0
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
- IRA Abwehr World War II - main article on IRA Nazi links
- Northern Campaign (IRA)
