Fournier gangrene
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fournier gangrene Classification and external resources |
|
| ICD-10 | N49.8 (ILDS N49.81), N76.8 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 608.83 |
| DiseasesDB | 31119 |
| eMedicine | emerg/929 med/2814 |
| MeSH | D018934 |
Fournier gangrene is a type of necrotizing infection (gangrene) usually affecting the male genitals. It is a type of necrotizing fasciitis.
It was first described by Baurienne in 1764 and is named after a French venereologist, Jean-Alfred Fournier following five cases he presented in clinical lectures in 1883.
Contents |
[edit] Etiology
In the majority of cases Fournier gangrene is a mixed infection caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.[1]
[edit] Incidence
Only 600 cases of Fournier gangrene were reported in the world literature in the ten years since 1996, with most patients in their 60s or 70s with other concurrent illnesses.[2] However, Fournier's gangrene is not a reportable illness, and the condition is not uncommon, especially among diabetic individuals. A similar infection in women has been occasionally described.[3]
In Turkey it was reported that 46% of patients had diabetes mellitus[4] whilst other studies have identified approximately a third of patients having either diabetes, alcoholism or malnutrition, and 10% having medical immunosuppression (chemotherapy, steroids, malignancy).[5]
[edit] Treatment
Fournier gangrene is a urological emergency requiring intravenous antibiotics and debridement (surgical removal) of necrotic (dead) tissue. In addition to surgery and antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is used and acts to inhibit the growth of and kill the anaerobic bacteria.[6] Despite such measures, the mortality rate overall is 40%, but 78% if sepsis is already present at the time of initial hospital admission.[4]
The most historically prominent sufferers from this condition may have been Herod the Great, and possibly the Roman emperor Galerius. Puerto Rican abolitionist and pro-independence leader Segundo Ruiz Belvis died from Fourier gangrene in 1868.
[edit] References
- ^ Thwaini A, Khan A, Malik A, Cherian J, Barua J, Shergill I, Mammen K (2006). "Fournier's gangrene and its emergency management". Postgrad Med J 82 (970): 516–9. doi:. PMID 16891442.
- ^ Vaz I (2006). "Fournier gangrene". Trop Doct 36 (4): 203–4. doi:. PMID 17034687.
- ^ Herzog W (1987). "[Fournier gangrene--also in females?]". Zentralbl Chir 112 (9): 564–76. PMID 2956804.
- ^ a b Yanar H, Taviloglu K, Ertekin C, Guloglu R, Zorba U, Cabioglu N, Baspinar I (2006). "Fournier's gangrene: risk factors and strategies for management". World J Surg 30 (9): 1750–4. doi:. PMID 16927060.
- ^ Tahmaz L, Erdemir F, Kibar Y, Cosar A, Yalcýn O (2006). "Fournier's gangrene: report of thirty-three cases and a review of the literature". Int J Urol 13 (7): 960–7. doi:. PMID 16882063.
- ^ Zamboni WA, Riseman JA, Kucan JO (1990). "Management of Fournier's Gangrene and the role of Hyperbaric Oxygen". J. Hyperbaric Med 5 (3): 177–186.
