Farrokhroo Parsa
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| Farrokhroo Parsa | |
 Dr Farrokhroo Pārsā in ministerial regalia |
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Education minister of Iran
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| In office 27 August 1968 – 1971[1] |
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| Preceded by | Parviz Natel-Khanlari? |
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| Succeeded by | Manouchehr Ganji |
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| Born | 22 March 1922 Qom |
| Died | 8 May 1980 Tehran |
| Spouse | Married |
| Residence | Tehran, Iran |
| Profession | Physician, politician |
| Religion | Disputed |
Farokhroo Pārsā, (1922-1980) (Persian: فرخرو پارسا) was an Iranian physician, educator and parliamentarian. She served as Minister of Education of Iran in the last pre-Islamic revolution government and was the first female cabinet minister of an Iranian government.
Pārsā was an outspoken supporter of women's rights in Iran, and was executed by firing squad on 8 May 1980 on religious-revolutionary charges stemming from this position.
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[edit] Biography
Farrokhroo Pārsā was born on 22 March 1922 in Qom, Iran to Farrokh-Din and Fakhr-e Āfāgh Pārsā. Her mother, Fakhr-e Āfāgh, was the editor of the women's magazine Jahān-e Zan ("The World of Woman"),[2] and a vocal proponent for gender equality and for educational opportunities for women. Her views on this subject met with opposition of the conservative sections of the society of her time, leading to the expulsion of the family by the government of Ahmad Qavām, from Tehran to Qom, where Fakhr-e Āfāgh was placed under house arrest. It was here that Farrokhroo was born, some minutes past midnight on Iranian New Year's Eve 1922 (Nowruz, 1301 AH).[2]
Upon obtaining a medical degree, Pārsā became a biology teacher in Jeanne d'Arc Highschool in Tehran. At the school she came to know Farah Diba, one of her students at this school, and who would later become wife of King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.[3][2]
In 1963, Pārsā was elected to parliament (the Majles), and began petitioning Mohammad Reza Pahlavi for suffrage for Iran's women.[2] She was also a driving force for legislation that amended the existing laws concerning women and family. In 1965 Pārsā was appointed Deputy Minister of Education and on 27 August 1968 she became Minister of Education in the cabinet of the Amir-Abbas Hoveyda government.[2] It was the first time in the history of Iran that a woman has occupied a cabinet position.
Farrokhroo Pārsā was executed by firing squad on 8 May 1980 in Tehran,[4] at the outset of the Islamic Cultural Revolution, on charges of "spreading vice on Earth and fighting God".[2]
In her last letter from prison, Farrokhroo Pārsā wrote to her children: "I am a doctor, so I have no fear of death. Death is only a moment and no more. I am prepared to receive death with open arms rather than live in shame by being forced to be veiled. I am not going to bow to those who expect me to express regret for fifty years of my efforts for equality between men and women. I am not prepared to wear the chador and step back in history."[2]
Her successor as the Education Minister of Iran, Manouchehr Ganji, expressed surprise at her execution: she was "a lady, [...]Doctor , a competent physician who entertained good relations at the Ministry with revolutionaries like Beheshti, Bahonar, and Rejaii."[5]
After her execution, government newspapers (including Kayhan[6], Ettela'at[7]) claimed that Farrokhroo Pārsā was a member of the Bahai community. Such a claim may be attributed to the general perception that advocates for women's rights are Bahais (see Iranian women's movement for details). In her personal blog Pārsā's niece Roya Parsay unequivocally states that her aunt "was NOT a Bahai."[8]
[edit] References
- ^ Iran Ministers
- ^ a b c d e f g Bahrami, Ardavan (May 9, 2005), A woman for all seasons: In memory of Farrokhrou Parsa, iranian.com, <http://www.iranian.com/ArdavanBahrami/2005/May/Parsa/index.html>.
- ^ Pahlavi-Diba, Farah (May 8, 2000), In memory of Mrs. Farrokhrou Parsa executed on May 8, 1980, (in Persian), farahpahlavi.org, <http://www.farahpahlavi.org/parsa.html>.
- ^ Lentz, Harris M., “Farrokhrou Parsa”, Assassinations and Executions: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence, 1865-1986, Jefferson: McFarland, p. 208.
- ^ Ganji, Manouchehr (2002), Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader, p. 80[1].
- ^ Kayhan, 27 April, 1980
- ^ Ettela'at, 23 April, 1980
- ^ Parsay, Roya (March 14, 2005), A Bit of Iran's Legacy, <http://inconversationwithroya.blogspot.com/>.
[edit] External links
- A photograph of Farrokhroo Pārsā in conversation with Amir-Abbās Hoveydā.
- An old photograph of the young family of Farrokh-Din Pārsā and Fakhr-e Āfāgh Pārsā.
